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Graphing

Graphing. Our favorite thing to do…. 3 ways to look at scientific information. 1.) Read a scholarly journal which discusses the data or lab report http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1976.tb00701.x/pdf 2.) Look at the data http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/ndp001/maunaloa.co2

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Graphing

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  1. Graphing Our favorite thing to do…

  2. 3 ways to look at scientific information • 1.) Read a scholarly journal which discusses the data or lab report http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1976.tb00701.x/pdf • 2.) Look at the data http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/ndp001/maunaloa.co2 • 3.) Make a graph of the data • http://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/datasets/mauna/image3b.html

  3. Clearly graphs are important… • Not just to save time but also: • 1.) Estimate unmeasured values • Interpolate: using the graph to estimate a value between data points • 2.) To make predictions • By Identifying a trend:a general direction by which something is changing • Extrapolate: estimating values beyond what’s plotted on the graph

  4. Extrapolating Year/Time (x-independent) vs. Population (Y-dependent)

  5. Bar Graphs • Used when a value changes in distinct steps (not continuously- like U.S. oil production) • To compare groups of data • Only one data set for each group

  6. Pie Charts • Used to show how an entire quantity (ex: crust) is divided into parts (by composition)

  7. There are 4 types of graphing relationships: • Direct: as X ↑ Y ↑ • Indirect: as X ↑ Y ↓ • Static: As one value increases the other stays the same • Cyclic: The system follows the same trend over and over again

  8. Question of the Day What happens when relationships change? (In graphs, that is.) Warm-up: You’ve driven your Ferrari for 2 hours and travelled 300 miles. How fast did you go? 18

  9. You’ve just used this formula: Rate of change = Change in Field Value Time

  10. Rate of Change How a measurable aspect of the environment has changed over time

  11. Rate of Change in a world problem Example: A pile of sand 10 feet high is eroded over 60 days to a height of 7 feet. What is the RC? 10 ft- 7 ft = 3 ft = 0.05 ft/day 60 d 60 d Practice: pg 34 and 35 (#1-7) worksheet

  12. Rate of Change Graphically

  13. What is the rate of change in temperature between 6 a.m. – 10 a.m.? Rate of change = Change in Field Value Time 20 ºC - 10 ºC = 10:00 – 6:00 10 ºC = 4 hr. 2.5 ºC/hr.

  14. Dynamic equilibrium • Opposing forces or actions balancing out. • State of balanced change. • Example: Level of lake remains same, even though water moves in and out.

  15. LAB: Graph Analysis ● Warm-up What’s the rate of change for Weather Balloon A between 6 & 10 minutes? ● 18

  16. What do measurements represent? • Volume:The space something occupies • Units: in cm³ , ft³ , litres and mL, ounces… • Can be measured using: • A ruler (measure width, length and height)  A graduated cylinder • Mass:How much matter is in a substance ↑ • Measured in grams, kilograms… • - Measured using: a beam balance or a digital scale

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