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Organic Chemistry Chapter 12 Oxygen and Sulfur in Organic Compounds

Organic Chemistry Chapter 12 Oxygen and Sulfur in Organic Compounds. Part 02 Intermolecular Forces of Attraction. 1. IMFA - intermolecular force of attraction - any attraction that exists between two or more molecules.

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Organic Chemistry Chapter 12 Oxygen and Sulfur in Organic Compounds

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  1. Organic Chemistry Chapter 12Oxygen and Sulfurin Organic Compounds

  2. Part 02Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

  3. 1. IMFA - intermolecular force of attraction - any attraction that exists between two or more molecules

  4. 2. Types of IMFA in Organic Molecules a. London Forces b. Dipole-Dipole c. Hydrogen Bonding

  5. a. London Forces - IMFA between nonpolar molecules - all organic molecules containing C and H will always be nonpolar or have a nonpolar part and attract each other with London Forces

  6. H H H H H H C C H H LF d- d- d+ d+ When the molecules are close, their electron clouds experience a momentary shift of electrons producing an instantaneous dipole.

  7. - the greater the size of the molecule containing only C and H, the greater the London forces

  8. H H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C H H H H Example: - propane molecules are larger than ethane molecules - LF will be greater between the propane molecules d+ d- d- d+ d- d+ d- d+

  9. b. Dipole-Dipole Attractions - any organic molecule containing a C bonded to an O will have a polar area - primary IMFA between these molecules will be dipole-dipole

  10. d- H O H C C C H H d+ H H d- H O H C C C H H d+ H H Example: 2-propanone - the C-O bond is polar - primary IMFA is dipole-dipole

  11. c. Hydrogen Bonding - any organic molecule containing an H bonded to a F, O or N will have a highly polar area - primary IMFA between these molecules will be hydrogen bonding

  12. H H H C C C O H H H H H d+ H H H d- C C C O H H H H H Example: 1-propanol - contains a H bonded to an O - IMFA is hydrogen bonding

  13. Example: Name the following molecule. Show all the IMFA between the following molecules. Which is the dominant IMFA?

  14. H NH2 H H H C C H C H C C H H H H OH H NH2 H H H C C H C H C C H H H H OH London Forces Hydrogen Bonding 1-amino-1-pentanol

  15. 3. Physical Properties All of the following physical properties aredirectly related to IMFA

  16. 3. a. Physical state at room temp b. Melting point c. Boiling point d. Volatility e. Viscosity f. Density g. Solubility h. Surface Tension

  17. H H H H H H OH H C C H C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H Example: Which of the following liquids is more volatile? Explain. The IMFA between 2-propanol molecules is H-bonding. The IMFA between two pentane molecules is LF. Since LF are very weak, pentane is more volatile.

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