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Lab Equipment

Lab Equipment . Overview. Erlenmeyer flask. beakers. Test tube. Graduated cylinders. funnel. wash bottle. t est tube brush. scoopula. microspatula. g lass stirring rod. Beaker tongs. test tube holder. Crucible tongs. wire gauze. ring stand. r ing clamp. test tube clamp.

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Lab Equipment

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  1. Lab Equipment Overview

  2. Erlenmeyer flask beakers Test tube Graduated cylinders

  3. funnel wash bottle test tube brush scoopula microspatula glass stirring rod

  4. Beaker tongs test tube holder Crucible tongs wire gauze

  5. ring stand ring clamp test tube clamp bunsen burner clay triangle test tube holder

  6. crucible evaporating dish mortar and pestle thermometer rubber stoppers watch glass

  7. Bell Ringer • Write down 5 things that come to mind when you hear the word chemistry. • Write down 2 “jobs” that someone could have that uses chemistry.

  8. What is Chemistry?

  9. Chemistry • The study of the composition and structure of matter (anything that has mass) and the chemical reactions by which substances are changed into other substances. • Where did chemistry begin??? • 100,000 years ago (Earth Dwellers discovered fire) • Egyptian • used wine making (chemical fermentation process) • Metals • Dyes, glass, pottery, embalming fluids

  10. Chemistry • Chemistry has 5 major divisions • Physical chemistry • (uses theories of physics such as thermodynamics) • Analytical chemistry • (identifies what substances are present in materials) • Organic chemistry • (study of compounds that contain carbon) • Inorganic chemistry • (study of non-living compounds) • Biochemistry • (uses theories of biology and living organisms (respiration, digestion, photosynthesis))

  11. Observations • Visual Information • Colors, movement, light intensity, etc.. • Audible Information • Sounds, bubbling, fizzing, etc… • Olfactory Information • Smells, aromas, etc… • Tactile Information • Texture, hardness, temperature, etc…. • Inferences are hypotheses based on observations Inferences

  12. Example • Inference • “The material looks like grass.” • Observation • “The material is green.”

  13. Candle Mini-Lab Make observations about the following situations: • Lights on, not lit • Predict what will happen when we light the candle • Lights on, light candle • Lights off, candle lit • Lights off, blow out candle

  14. What is Matter???

  15. Phases of Matter • Identify which box represents a solid, liquid or gas. Solid -Holds Shape -Fixed Volume Liquid -Shape of container -Fixed Volume Gas -Shape of Container -Volume of Container

  16. Particles • Submicroscopic particles are able to vibrate about their fixed positions. • What happens when we add heat??? • Vibrations increase • At a certain temp they have enough energy to disrupt the fixed positions (changing the phase) • Adding heat: • Solid  Liquid  Gas

  17. What is Matter???

  18. Systems • System • Well-defined group of objects or materials • Open System • System that continuously interacts with its environment • Closed System • System in which no mass may be transferred outside or inside the system boundaries

  19. MASS • Is mass a reliable measurement? • Can we be certain of it? • Is mass more reliable than volume? • Does it change? • Lets find out?

  20. Water freezes? What happens to the volume of water as it freezes into ice? It expands. Volume increases What if ice melts, does it’s volume decrease? Does its MASS increase or decrease?

  21. When salt dissolves in water, the volume decreases!Why?Where does the water go?

  22. What happens to the mass of our system when we mix substances?

  23. Salt & Water Lab • Purpose: to determine what happens to the mass of the system when salt is added to water. • Hypothesis: I predict that the mass will ________ • Procedure:

  24. Lab Group # Change in Mass (Δm) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

  25. Lab Group # Change in Mass (Δm) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

  26. Physical & Chemical Changes

  27. Physical Change • A change in the physical property of a substance • The chemical properties remain the same • Ex: ice to water, carving wood…

  28. Any characteristic that can be observed or measured is a physical property. Length can be measured.

  29. Physical Physical Properties Def: changes from one phase to another (solid, liquid, gas), without changing the substance Ex: Chopping, slicing, sawing, grinding, dissolving Melting/ Freezing Vaporizing (Boiling) Condensation Sublimation Evaporation Physical Changes • Def: Properties that can be seen without changing the identity of the substance. • Ex: color, shape, hardness, odor, density, dissolvability, mass, weight, volume, texture

  30. Chemical Change • A substance is transformed into a newsubstance • Involves a chemical reaction • Ex. Iron rusting (with oxygen) to form iron oxide, chemical explosions, burning of wood

  31. Signs of a Chemical Change • Signs of a chemical change include the production of bubbles, heat, light, smoke, sounds or color changes. • Chemical changes are not reversible using physical means. • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/10_11/rev_irrev_changes_fs.shtml

  32. Example Chemical Reaction • Before During (fire,smoke) • After change

  33. Chemical Chemical Properties Def: Properties that describe how a substance changes into a new substance Ex: flammability (burning) Chemical Changes Def: The process by which a substance changes to a new substance Ex: Combustion (burning) Respiration Digestion Leaves changing color Rusting Photosynthesis Baking/cooking Gasoline burning Alka seltzer in water reacting

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