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Cell Diversity

Cell Diversity. Cells are not identical – they diversify their structure to suit their function. Types of Cells. Red Blood Cells. Nerve Cells. Muscle Cells. Tissues. A Tissue is a group of similar cells that are adapted to carry out the same function. Dermal tissue

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Cell Diversity

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  1. Cell Diversity Cells are not identical – they diversify their structure to suit their function

  2. Types of Cells Red Blood Cells Nerve Cells Muscle Cells

  3. Tissues A Tissue is a group of similar cells that are adapted to carry out the same function

  4. Dermal tissue A single layer of cells that surrounds the different parts of a plant Epidermis protects the plant Vascular Tissue Transports materials around the plant Xylem transports water and minerals around the plantPhloem transports food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant Plant tissues

  5. Animal Tissues • Muscle Tissue can contract • Nervous Tissue composed of nerve cells called neurons

  6. Learning Check • Can you name 3 types of cell? • What is a tissue? • Can you recall 2 types of animal tissue? • Can you recall 2 types of plant tissue?

  7. Tissue Culture • Tissue culture is the growth of tissues in or on an artificial medium outside an organism • The tissue sample is removed from a plant or animal and grown in glassware ( in vitro) or in a bioreactor under carefully controlled conditions • Growth is by mitosis and produces a cluster of identical offspring - a clone

  8. Conditions necessary for Tissue growth • Oxygen • Nutrients • Growth factors and hormones • Correct pH • Optimum temperature • Sterile conditions • Freedom from competition

  9. Stages in Tissue Culture Example of tissue culture is Organ transplants • Skin cells obtained • Enzymes added • Individual Cells isolated • Controlled culture medium • Sheets of cells grown

  10. Plant Tissue Culture

  11. Applications of tissue cultures • Virus reproduction • Hela cells used to grow and investigate viruses • Micro propagation of plants • Produces exact copies • Quickly produces mature plants • Doesn’t need pollinators or seeds • Producing plants that are disease resistant and virus free

  12. Applications of tissue cultures • Growing human tissue for organ transplants • Skin cells • Liver cell • Pancreas cells • Producing biotechnology products • Insulin • Interferon • Pregnancy testing kits • Drug testing kits • Cancer testing kits

  13. Learning Check • What is Tissue Culture? • What kind of conditions do cells in tissue culture need? • What are the stages of tissue culture? • Can you name two uses for tissue culture?

  14. Organs • An organ is a structure composed of a number of tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions • Examples • Root - Heart • Stem - Stomach • Leaf - Intestine • Flower - Liver • Seeds - Lungs • Fruit - Skin

  15. Systems • A system consists of a number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions • Animal Systems • Digestive • Circulatory • Nervous • Urinary • Endocrine • Skeletal • Muscular • Reproductive

  16. Learning Check • What is an organ? • Can you name 2 plant organs? • Can you name 2 animal organs? • What is an organ system? • Can you recall 2 animal organ systems?

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