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Ming Foreign Policy

Section 1:. The Ming and Qing Dynasties. Ming Foreign Policy. Attitudes toward trade – wanted to be self-sufficient; refused to rely on foreign trade The northern frontier – strengthened Great Wall of China; chose frontier defense over trade and sea travel. Section 1:.

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Ming Foreign Policy

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  1. Section 1: The Ming and Qing Dynasties Ming Foreign Policy • Attitudes toward trade – wanted to be self-sufficient; refused to rely on foreign trade • The northern frontier – strengthened Great Wallof China; chose frontier defense over trade and sea travel

  2. Section 1: The Ming and Qing Dynasties Founding the Qing Dynasty • Nurhachi unified tribes into Manchu • Adopted Chinese culture • Kept Manchu people separate and distinct from Chinese

  3. Section 1: The Ming and Qing Dynasties Economy, Culture, and Society • Economy – trade and manufacturing specialization grew • Popular culture and society – novels and plays in everyday language; family was center of society

  4. Section 1: The Ming and Qing Dynasties Decline of the Qing Dynasty • Population growth • Government inefficiency and increases in taxes • White Lotus Rebellion

  5. Section 2: China and Europeans The Portuguese • Trade ties with China • Jesuit missionaries helped emperors revise calendar, gained great power with imperial court • Qing rulers became suspicious, fearful of Jesuits’ intentions

  6. Section 2: China and Europeans The British • Free trade ideas – Great Britain abolished British East India Company’s monopoly on trade with China • The opium trade – Chinese demand for cotton didn’t match British demand for tea; British India exported opium to China, which caused trade imbalance • The Opium War – Chinese tried to forcibly stop opium trade; Hong Kong went to British rule • More concessions – unequal treaties with France and United States, foreign embassies in Beijing

  7. Section 2: China and Europeans Rebellions • Taiping Rebellion – caused terrible destruction • Christian and Muslim teachings motivated more revolts

  8. Section 3: The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan Founding the Tokugawa Shogunate • Oda Nobunaga – conquests and alliances • Toyotomi Hideyoshi – sword hunts kept peasants from becoming warriors • Tokugawa Ieyasa – crushed rivals • Tokugawa rule – combination of feudalism and central monarchy

  9. Section 3: The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan Foreign Contact • The Portuguese in Japan – Christian missionaries, Jesuits • Closing the country – saw Christianity and Western technology as threats to Tokugawa rule and to Japanese traditions and values

  10. Section 3: The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan Life in Takugawa Japan • Social classes – Confucian ideal; class was determined by birth • Change and culture – internal trade expanded, artisans and merchants prospered, new forms of art, literature, theater

  11. Section 3: The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan The End of Japan’s Isolation • Matthew Perry • Treaty of Kanagawa – similar treaties with Great Britain, Netherlands, Russia

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