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Reconstruction

Unit 8. Reconstruction. Legacy of War. Nationally: 600,000 dead and 1,000,000 wounded War debt and caring for veterans takes up 2/3 of federal budget 13 th amendment adopted in 1865 In the North: Booming economy Expanded railroad system Expanded banking system In the South:

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Reconstruction

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  1. Unit 8 Reconstruction

  2. Legacy of War Nationally: • 600,000 dead and 1,000,000 wounded • War debt and caring for veterans takes up 2/3 of federal budget • 13th amendment adopted in 1865 In the North: • Booming economy • Expanded railroad system • Expanded banking system In the South: • Economic collapse • The war destroyed industries, products, farms, etc. • 1865: Held 12% of nation’s wealth • 9000% inflation rate

  3. The war is over…now what? • Take a look at the questions on page 487; what other questions might there have been after the Civil War?

  4. Plans for Reconstruction

  5. Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction 1863: 10% plan • President in charge of reconstruction • Pardons all citizens in confederate states…except for high ranking officials • If 10% of the population of a state swears allegiance to the union = admitted back to U.S. • A state must offer freedom for African-Americans • Never carried out

  6. Republican plan for Reconstruction 1864: Wade-Davis Bill • Congress in charge of reconstruction • If 50% of the population of a state swears allegiance to the union = admitted back to U.S. • Forbids Confederate officers and politicians from hold political office in the U.S. • A state must offer freedom and rights for African-Americans • Vetoed by Lincoln

  7. Radical Republicans Thaddeus Stevens Charles Sumner

  8. Andrew Johnson 1865: VP Andrew Johnson becomes president • Self-educated • Slave-owner • Southerner • Pro-Union • Pro-states rights

  9. Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction 1865: Presidential Reconstruction • President in charge of reconstruction • All states readmitted if: • If 10% of the population of a state swears allegiance to the union…excluded wealthy land owners from the vote • Repealed secession laws • Ratified 13th amendment • No demand of rights for African-Americans • Pardoned majority of the population

  10. 14th amendment • Created in response to the vetoes of 1866 • Grants citizenship to African-Americans • Prevented the Confederate leaders from holding office unless approved by Congress

  11. Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Divided the south into 5 districts • Each controlled by a Union general • Vetoed by Johnson • Overridden by Congress

  12. Road to Impeachment 1867 • Republicans looked to get rid of Johnson • Republicans passed the Tenure of Office Act • Johnson tests the law and fires the Sec. of War

  13. Impeachment! 1867 • Congress impeaches Johnson • Senate holds the trial • Johnson is found not guilty by 1 vote…Edmund Ross • Johnson stays in office

  14. Grant elected President 1868: • Grant (Rep.) wins in an electoral college landslide • Grant owed his victory to the 500,000 African-Americans who voted for him… • To maintain voting rights for African-Americans Congress issues the 15th Amendment

  15. Grant Administration (1869-1877) Grant’s lack of political experience led to: • Fraud, bribery & corruption among staffers • Economic depression in 1870s • Inability to protect African-American rights • Lack of support for reconstruction • Rise of Democratic control in the south

  16. Social impacts • Problems and questions: • What does freedom mean? • Where would they live? • What work would they do?

  17. Social impacts Solutions… • Move…Where? • West…exodusters

  18. Social impacts Solutions… • Former slaves given the freedom to • worship • Former slaves of all ages sought an education • Governments; churches; charities formed schools and universities • Former slaves form businesses and organizations designed to help other former slaves succeed in life • Freedmen’s Bureau

  19. Social impacts Solutions… • Former slaves become active in politics • By 1867, former slaves were getting elected to political offices • 1870: Hiram Revels becomes the first African-American to serve in the U.S. Senate

  20. Social impacts Solutions… Sharecropping: • System where a farmer tends the owner’s land and receives a share of the profit from the harvest Tenant farming: • Farmers rent the farms from owners Did this help or hurt the ex-slaves?

  21. Problems?

  22. Social impacts Solutions… • Civil Rights Act of 1866: • Restricted states from issuing black codes • Curfews; vagrancy laws; land ownership restrictions • 1866: Johnson vetoed both

  23. Southern reaction to Reconstruction 1866: Ku Klux Klan established in Tennessee • Terrorist organization whose mission was to end reconstruction and suppress African-American rights • Terrorized, beat, and/or killed anyone who challenged their cause • 1868: KKK exists in every state

  24. KKK in the 1870s KKK 1926 KKK 1870

  25. Southern reaction to Reconstruction 1870s • Southern gov’ts pass black codes…Jim Crow laws • Segregation introduced…not fully implemented until 1910 • Race riots and lynching become common

  26. How did the following bring about the end of Reconstruction?

  27. End of Reconstruction • Election of 1876 • Compromise of 1877 • Home Rule • Reconstruction ends

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