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Respiratory system

Respiratory system. How we take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide The breathing system. Glucose and oxygen. Your body cells need glucose and oxygen glucose and oxygen are carried around your body in your blood to your cells. The digestive system gets glucose into the blood.

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Respiratory system

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  1. Respiratory system How we take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide The breathing system

  2. Glucose and oxygen • Your body cells need glucose and oxygen • glucose and oxygen are carried around your body in your blood to your cells. • The digestive system gets glucose into the blood. • The respiratory system gets oxygen into your blood and removes (excretes) carbon dioxide from it

  3. Ventilation • Breathing is when muscles change the size of your Iungs. • When you breathe in (inhale), the muscles make your lungs get bigger. • When you breathe out (exhale), the muscles make your lungs smaller. • The movement of air into and out of your lungs is called ventilation.

  4. Air sacs • The lungs contain thousands of small air sacs containing tiny pockets called alveoli. • These give the lungs a large surface area for absorbing oxygen and excreting carbon dioxide. • They have thin walls (onIy one cell thick) so that gases diffuse easily across them.

  5. Diffusion • Diffusion is when particles move from a place where there are a lot of them to a place where there are less of them. • Oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood. • The alveoli are surrounded by many blood capillaries, which also have thin walls so substances can easily pass into and out of the blood. • When oxygen is being carried by the red blood cells, it makes them look redder. • Picking up oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is called gas exchange.

  6. Looking at sheep’s lungs 1. What colour are they? 2. How big are they? 3. What do they feel like? 4. What does the trachea (windpipe) feel like? 5. Why does the trachea (windpipe) feel like this? 6. Can gas be blown into the lungs? 7. Do the lungs float on water? 8. Can you find the following structures? trachea (windpipe) bronchibronchioles

  7. Keeping our lungs clean • A sticky liquid called mucus is produced by cells in the tubes leading into the lungs. This traps dirt and microbes. • Tiny hairs, called cilia, are found on ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea and bronchi. These hairs sweep the mucus out of the lungs and into the gullet where it is swallowed. • This is how the lungs are kept clean. • Chemicals in cigarette smoke stop cilia-working and so smokers are more likely to get lung infections

  8. Lung damage • Sometimes the lungs get damaged. For example, in a disease called emphysema, the lungs develop large holes, which can fill up with liquid. • Inhaled dust can also cause tears in the delicate lung tissue

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