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CLIL

CLIL. What is CLIL ? Why CLIL ?. C … ontents and L … anguage I … ntegrated L … earning. English… . Franch. Biology… Chemistry… History…. Goals to be achieved :. The Four C’s: Content , Communication , Cognition , Culture

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CLIL

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  1. CLIL WhatisCLIL? WhyCLIL?

  2. C …ontents and L …anguage I …ntegrated L …earning English…. Franch.... Biology… Chemistry… History….

  3. Goalstobeachieved: • The Four C’s: Content, Communication, Cognition, Culture • CLIL : enablesstudentstolearnaboutvarioussubjects astheylistento, talk about, readabout, and write about the content in a secondlanguage • CLIL: incorporatessubject-specificachademicvocabulary in lessonsvehicolated in a secondlanguage • Students : acquirelistening, speaking, reading, writingskills in content and languageintegratedinstruction

  4. CLIL : links • https://youtu.be/uIRZWn7-x2Y • https://youtu.be/7QOPHRHJvPc • https://youtu.be/ssPbrPpuXbI (....ifyouwanttoknowsomething more aboutCLIL……….)

  5. “Our”CLILExperience School: Liceo Scientifico “A. Scacchi” Class: 5^ A 2018-19 VehicularLanguage: English Subject : Chemistry Topic : Biomolecules Contents: Nucleic acids Teachers : Ester Franco Elisabetta Casamassima

  6. NUCLEICACIDS Biomoleculescontainingspecificchemicalelements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen(H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorous (P)

  7. Basic Structure of a NUCLEIC Acid • Condensationpolymers • Moleculesmade up bymonomerscallednucleotides • Each nucleotide containsthreeparts: • at the center of a nucleotide is a five-carbonsugar • a negatively-chargedphosphategrouplinkedto the sugar • a nitrogenous base linkedto the other side of the sugar

  8. Nucleotides’ structure The basic structure of a nucleotide is shown below

  9. Nucleotides: the building bloksofnucleic acids • A nucleotydeconsistsofthreecomponents: • a nitrogen-containingbase • a pentosesugar • one or threephosphategroup • A nucleosideconsistsoftwocomponents: • a nitrogen-containingbase • a pentosesugar • Thenucleotydesthatmake up nucleic acids containjust onephosphate: they are monophosphates

  10. Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NhDY3IDp00 • Nucleotides can link together by the formation of phosphate ester bonds. The hydroxyl group of a phosphate on one nucleotide undergoes a condensation reaction with the hydroxyl group on the carbohydrate ring of another nucleotide. • The process may continue, building up nucleic acid molecules. • These are polymers called polynucleotides. • DNA and RNA are the Nucleic acids and DNA in particular, are key macromolecules for the continuity of life. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI4v7v8AdfI

  11. Distinguishing RNA from DNA

  12. Pentosesugars • In RNA the pentosesugarisribose • In DNA the pentosesugarisdeoxyribose , whichdiffersfromthe riboseby the absenceofone2’-oxygenatom

  13. Bases Pyrimidines Purines Fused (onesix and the otherfive-membered) double-ringstructure Six-membered single-ring structure

  14. Phosphategroup Phosphate, chemical formula PO43-, is a chemical compound made up of one phosphorus and four oxygen atoms. When it is attached to a molecule containing carbon, it is called a phosphate group. It is found inthe genetic material DNAand RNA, and is also in molecules such as adenosine triphosphate(ATP) that provide energy to cells.

  15. Discovery of the structure of DNA The structure of DNA double helix and how it was discovered : Chargaff, Watson and Crick, and Wilkins and Franklin. • Today, the DNA double helix is probably the most iconic of all biological molecules. It's inspired staircases, decorations, pedestrian bridges (like the one in Singapore, shown below), and more. • We have to agree with the architects and designers: the double helix is a beautiful structure, one whose form fits its function in a remarkable way. • But the double helix was not always part of our cultural lexicon. In fact, until the 1950s, the structure of DNA remained a mystery. The discovery of the double helix structure of DNA - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCUce36Ganc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kp9wiYMQUU&t=10s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kK2zwjRV0M c

  16. RNA Structure and compositionof RNA molecules https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4p6jhFaru4

  17. m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcvtHSFzKOQ&t=86s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQIwwJqF5D0&t=11s

  18. Transcription and mRNA processing • Key points: • Transcription is the process in which a gene's DNA sequence is copied (transcribed) to make an RNA molecule. • RNA polymerase is the main transcription enzyme. • Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene (directly or through helper proteins). • RNA polymerase uses one of the DNA strands (the template strand) as a template to make a new, complementary RNA molecule. • Transcription ends in a process called termination. Termination depends on sequences in the RNA, which signal that the transcript is finished. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQIwwJqF5D0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMYl0wjNc0U

  19. t-RNA

  20. t-RNA

  21. t-RNAstructure

  22. t-RNA

  23. Ribosomes’ translatingrule

  24. r-RNA

  25. Translation

  26. DNA Transcription and Translation

  27. DNA Transcription • Information coded in the sequenceof nucleotide bases in DNA ispassedtoa sequenceofnucleotide bases in RNA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kK2zwjRV0M https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKIpDtJdK8Q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocAAkB32Hqs&t=65s

  28. Translation

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