Extending Spanish Power

1. Extending Spanish Power 4-1 pgs.110-113

2. Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire • By the 1500s Spain had emerged as the first modern European power • Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand expelled all of the Muslim rulers and enforced religious unity. • Queen Isabella also financed Columbus’s voyage to the Americas • In 1519 Charles V, Ferdinand’s grandson, inherited a huge empire • He not only inherited the crown of Spain but also the heir of the Austrian Hapsburgs • Ruling two empires involved Charles in constant warfare • After years of religious warfare Charles was forced to allow the German princes to choose their own religions. • In 1556 Charles gave up his empire and entered a monastery. He divided up his empire leaving Hapsburg lands to his brother Ferdinand and gave Spain, the Netherlands, southern Italy and Spain's empire to his son Philip

3. Philip II and Divine Right • During King Philip II’s reign he wanted to expand Spanish influence, strengthen the Catholic Church, and make his own power absolute • Thanks in part to silver from Americas, he made Spain the foremost power in Europe • Philip, unlike most of the other people of his time, devoted a lot of time to government work • He centralized royal power, making every part of government responsible to him • He ruled as an absolute monarch • He stated that he ruled by divine right • He believed that his authority to rule came directly from God • He saw himself as guardian of the Catholic Church and spend majority of his life defending the Catholic Reformation and trying to turn back Protestants • Enforced religious unity in his lands and turned Inquisition against protestants and other people thought to be heretics

4. The Wars of Philip II • During last half of Philip’s reign he battled Protestant rebels in the Netherlands • At that time, the region included 17 provinces that are now Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxemburg • In 1500s riots against the Inquisition sparked a general uprising in Netherlands and fighting raged for decades. • In 1581 the northern, mostly Protestant, provinces declared their independence and became the Dutch Netherlands. • Did not get official recognition until 1648

5. Invading England • By the 1580s, Philip saw England’s Queen Elizabeth as his chief Protestant enemy. • Eventually the Queen openly supported the Dutch against Spain. • She encouraged English captains, known as Sea Dogs, to plunder Spanish treasure ships • To end these attacks, Philip prepared a huge armada to carry a Spanish invasion force to England • The armada sailed with more thank 130 ships, 20,000 men, and 2,400 pieces of artillery. They were confident of victory

6. Spain’s Golden Age • The century from 1550 to 1650 is often known as Spain’s golden age • El Greco was a famous painter of this period. • He studied in Renaissance Italy before settling in Spain. • Made haunting religious pictures, dramatic view of the city of Toledo, and striking portraits of Spanish nobles. • His use of colors influenced other famous artists also • The golden age also produced great writers like Lope de Vega • Wrote more than 15,000 plays including comedies and action-packed romances. • Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote, the first modern novel in Europe • It mocked the traditions of Spain’s feudal past. Yet Cervantes admired both the unromantic, earthy realism of SnachoPanza and the foolish but heroic idealism of Don Quixote

7. Economic Decline • In the 1600s Spanish power and prosperity slowly declined. • Lack of strong leadership was one reason. The successors of Philip II were far less able rulers than he. • Economic problems were also greatly to blame. • Costly oversea wars drained wealth out of Spain almost as fast as it came • Then, too, treasure from the Americas led Spain to neglect farming and commerce. • Government heavily taxed the small middle class. • The expulsion of Muslims and Jews deprived the economy of many skilled artisans and merchants. • Finally, American gold and silver led to soaring inflation, with prices rising much higher in Spain than other places in Europe. • By the late 1600s France had replaced Spain as the most powerful European nation.

8. Identify • Hapsburgs- The Hapsburgs empire is Austria • Singlo de oro- “Golden century” • Diego Velazquez- a court painter to King Philip IV, and best known for his vivid portraits of Spanish royalty • Miguel de Cervantes-The man who wrote Don Quixote, the first modern novel in Europe

9. Define • Absolute Monarch- a ruler that has complete authority over the government and lives of the people • Divine right- the belief that Philip II’s authority came directly from God • Armada- a fleet of war ships

10. Review • Armada- [Spanish] FLEET of war ships • Charles V- Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain gave up throne because of stress • Philip II- King of Spain-- ruled for 42 year-- sent the armada to England • Sea Dogs- British sailors and captains seen as “pirates” by Spain and Portugal • El Greco- “the Greek” painter in Spain • Lope de Vega- Spanish author wrote “the Sheep well” • Miguel de Cervantes- Spanish author wrote “Don Quixote”

11. More Review • What country was the first modern country in Europe around 1500? • Spain • What Country did the Hapsburg’s rule, actually what country and empire? Austria • What country was Spain’s protestant rival in the late 1500s? • England, Queen Elizabeth I • By the late 1600s what country was more powerful than Spain? • France

12. Bibliography • http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/king-philip-ii-spain.htm • http://www.nps.gov/cham/planyourvisit/spanish-golden-age.htm • Google.com