Mongols in China

1. Mongols in China

2. Objective and Standard • I can describe the Mongols conquest of China (7.24)

4. Chinese Society Mongol soldiers used silk clothes instead of heavy armor in battle. When a soldier was hit with an arrow, the arrow entered the soldier’s body but could be easily removed because the arrowhead was caught in the soldier’s silk clothing.

5. Who were the Mongols? • Genghis Khan and his sons built the Mongol Empire, which stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe • The Mongols conquered China and created a new dynasty that tried to conquer Japan and began trading with the rest of Asia. • They lived in tribes, or groups of related families. • They were nomadic herders who grazed their animals on the steppes, wide, rolling grassy plains.

6. Ability to ride horses Mongols were known for: Ability to wage war

7. Ghengis Khan His name was Temujin, which means “blacksmith.” He became Genghis Khan which means “strong ruler.”

8. Actions of Genghis Khan Created a group of tribal chiefs to help him plan military campaigns Drafted a law code 1st conquered steppes Gathered an army of 100,000 soldiers Chose army officers for ability, not family ties Invaded China in 1211 then conquered kingdoms that controlled parts of the Silk Road

9. Mongol Empire Baghdad fell to Mongols in 1258. Egyptians stopped their advance. Ghengis Khan died in 1227, and his empire was dividedAmong 4 sons. his grandson united the empire The Mongols created the largest empire the world had ever seen.

10. Mongol Rule Peace helped Mongols gain wealth through taxing trade. They learned much from the Chinese, including gunpowder and the fire lance. Adopted inventions and ideas helped strenghthen the Mongol military. They respected cultures of places conquered and adopted beliefs and customs of many places.

12. Main Idea: Mongols conquered China and created a new dynasty that tried to conquer Japan and began trading with the rest of Asia. He completely wiped out the Song Dynasty within a decade by conquering southern China. He moved the Capital from Karakorum to Khanbaliq(now modern Beijing). Kublai Khan became the new khan (ruler). He set up the Yuan Dynasty. Yuan means beginning. It lasted for only about 100 years,and 30 of that was led by Kublai Khan

13. This is a painting depicting Mongols under the Dynasty. Notice the dress of the people and skin color.

14. Mongol Empire Under Genghis Khan 1227

15. Mongol Empire 1294

16. Mongol leaders had top government jobs. The Mongols had their own language, laws, and customs. There was little mixing with the Chinese. Many Chinese scholar- officials ran the Government. Mongols in China The Mongols had a policy of tolerance.

17. Mongols were mostly Buddhist, but they allowed other religions from outside China to exist within the empire. Mongols welcomed foreigners because they mistrusted the Chinese. Many foreigners came to China because of wider trade with the west. Social Policies

18. China became very wealthy during Mongol rule. Khanbaliq was known for its splendor and accommodations. Economic Power! Imports: silver, spices, carpets, and cotton Exports: Tea, silk, porcelain, and discoveries such as: gunpowder, the compass and steelmaking ppppp

19. “I did not tell half of what I saw.” -these were the last words of Marco Polo

21. Importance of Marco Polo He traveled from Venice, Italy to China in the 1200s to serve Kublai Khan. He made many exploratory trips for Kublai Khan in 16 years and wrote a book about his travels and about the wonders of China.

22. Political Conquest Continues Mongols conquered Vietnam and North Korea. Forced labor in Korea helped the Mongols plan an invasion on the island nation of Japan. Koryo (leaders in Korea) accepted the Mongols like the Chinese and remained in power there. Mongol invasions