Presentation Transcript

1. The Mongols & Their Impact On China
2. Mongolian Steppes
3. Typical Mongol “Yurt”
4. Mongol Warriors
5. Mongol Archer
6. Mongol Nobleman, Late 13 c.
7. Robe of a Mongol Nobleman, Early 14 c
8. The Mongol Empire
9. The Extent of the Mongol Empire
10. Mongol Invasions
11. The Mongols The Mongols, known as Tatars to the Russians, were nomadic people who raised livestock by pasturing and producing everything they needed from the herds. The unification of the Mongol tribes by Genghis Khan strengthened the country in the 13th century. By 1240, the Mongols had conquered or destroyed almost every city in Kievan Russia, using cavalry archers, under the leadership of Batu Kahn. The Mongols created the largest contiguous empire in world history.
12. Genghis Khan 1162 - 1227 Originally named Temujin, the name Genghis Khan was taken by himself, meaning world ruler. The Reflex Bow, the main Mongol weapon.
13. The Mongols Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws: If you do not pay homage, we will take your prosperity. If you do not have prosperity, we will take your children. If you do not have children, we will take your wife. If you do not have a wife, we will take your head. Used cruelty as a weapon some areas never recovered from Mongol destruction!
14. “Mongol Tyrant” by Frank Frazetta
15. The Golden Horde The grandson of Genghis Khan, Batu Khan, led Mongol armies into Russia and other eastern European territories between 1236 and 1241. Known as the Golden Horde, they ruled this region for 240 years. While fierce, often brutal warriors, they were tolerant rulers. Absolute rule of the Mongols influenced later Russian rulers. Mongol rule isolated Russia from advancements in art & science of the Renaissance.
16. Tamerlane In the late 1300’s, Timur, or Tamerlame, led Mongol armies to conquer areas of Persia, Mesopotamia, Russia & India. His descendants later established the Mughal Empire in India.
17. Timurid Dynasty
18. Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368 Kublai Khan [r. 1260-1294] Pax Mongolica [“Mongol Peace”] Tolerated Chinese culturebut lived apart from them Grandson of Genghis Khan No Chinese in top govt. posts Believed foreigners were moretrustworthy. Encouraged foreign trade & foreign merchants to live and work in China.
19. Marco Polo 1254-1324 A Venetian merchant Traveled through YuanChina: 1271-1295 Sent on many diplomatic missions throughout Kublai’s empire. Served as governor in China for 3 years Wrote many novels documenting his travels
20. Marco Polo’s Travels
21. Yuan Golden Bowl, 13 c
22. Yuan Porcelains & Ceramics
23. Yuan Dynasty, 1279-1368 Established 150 years of peace and prosperity. Mongols returned safety to the Silk Road, expanding its use. Sent fleets against Japan. 1281  150,000 warriors Defeated by kamikazi [“winds of the gods”] Kublai Khan experienced several humiliating defeats in Southeast Asia late in his life.
24. Decline of the Mongols Lands were too diverse and spread out The death of top leaders led to a void of competent leadership Widespread resentment of Mongol rule Had little experience running government Often those chosen were corrupt or incompetent
25. Ming Dynasty in China
26. China’s last native imperial dynasty!
27. The Ming Dynasty In 1368, after 90 years of Mongol rule, China reestablished imperial rule under the Ming dynasty. Ming rule was established under Zhu Yuanzhang, who had rebelled against foreign rule. He restored the civil service system, restore Confucian values and established a board of censors to eliminate government corruption.
28. Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 Golden Age of Chinese Art Moderation Softness Gracefulness Landscape paintings, porcelain jars, silks, poetry, fiction, drama, music & dance flourished. Hundreds of thousands ofworkers constructed theForbidden City.
29. The Forbidden City: China’s New Capital
30. Ming Porcelain / Ceramics, 17c–18c
31. Ming Vases, 18c
32. Ming Painting and Calligraphy, early 16c
33. Ming Painting – “Birds and Flowers”, 16c
34. Ming Cultural Revolution Printing & Literacy Cheap, popular books: woodblock printing. cheap paper. Examination system. Leads to explosion in literacy. Leads to further popularization of the commercial market. Culture & Art Increased literacy leads to increased interest in cultural expressions, ideas, and things: Literature. Painting. Ceramics. Opera.
35. Ming Silver Market Triangle route: Philippines to China to Japan. Silver floods Chinese Market: Reduces price of Chinese goods in Europe Increases interest in Chinese culture & ideas in Europe. Helps fund conquest of New World Encourages Europeans in conquest & trade.
36. Admiral Zheng He Ming “Treasure Fleet” Each ship 400’ long & 160’ wide 1371-1435
37. Admiral Zheng He China’s “Columbus?”
38. 1498 --> Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port.
39. Admiral Zheng He Brought exotic animals back to the imperial zoo. Brought little wealth, but was costly to maintain his fleets. After his death, the rise in Confucian values stressed Chinese cultural supremacy, which limited further contact with foreign influences.
40. Imperial China’s Impact on History Removed religion from morality. Beginnings of political philosophy through which a ruler must prove he/she is legitimate, which begins the end of the idea of the Mandate of Heaven. Secular law. Valued history  The Dynastic Cycle Influenced Korea > Japan > Southeast Asia