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BASIC GRAMMAR

BASIC GRAMMAR. Presented By Dr. Mrs. Anisa G. Mujawar Associate Professor and Head, Department of English Chhatrapati Shivaji College, Satara. Sentences Construction. Objective Understand the difference between SVO / SOV Use the rule effectively for Sentence construction.

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BASIC GRAMMAR

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  1. BASIC GRAMMAR Presented By Dr. Mrs. Anisa G. Mujawar Associate Professor and Head, Department of EnglishChhatrapati Shivaji College, Satara

  2. Sentences Construction Objective • Understand the difference between SVO / SOV • Use the rule effectively for Sentence construction

  3. Sentence Structure • Subject +Verb+Object I + eat + food • Subject +Object +Verb I + food + eat

  4. Grammar Objective • Identify the commonly made mistakes while speaking in English • To increase fluency in English

  5. Building Blocks Pronoun Interjection Noun Parts of Speech Verb Conjunction Adjective Preposition Adverb

  6. Parts Of SpeechNoun • Noun: is a word used as the name, animal,place, or thing. • Person:man, woman, teacher, John, Mary • Place: home, office, town, countryside • Animal: dog, cat, horse, monkey • Thing: book, pen, room, tree

  7. Parts Of SpeechNoun Types Of Nouns • Common Noun • Proper Noun • Collective Noun • Abstract Noun • Countable / Uncountable Nouns

  8. Parts Of SpeechNoun • Common Noun Is a name given in common to every person or thing of the same class or kind. E.g. • City, man, boat, and radio

  9. Parts Of SpeechNoun • Proper Noun Name of a specific person, place or thing. E.g. Eiffel Tower, India, Mr. Will Smith, Nokia

  10. Parts Of SpeechNoun • Collective Noun Name of a number ( or collection) of persons or thingstaken together and spoken of as a whole. E.g. • A Crowd-a collection of people • An Army - collection of soldiers

  11. Parts Of SpeechNoun • Abstract Noun Is usually the name of a quality, action, or state. E.g. • Quality - kindness, darkness, honesty • Action- laughter, theft • State- sleep, sickness

  12. Parts Of SpeechNoun • Countable Noun (or countables)are the names of objects, people, etc. that we can count. E.g. book, pen, apple, boy • Uncountable noun (or uncountables)are the names of things which cannot count. E.g. milk, sugar, gold, oil

  13. Mc Donalds Mc Donalds Parts Of SpeechNoun • Lisa works as a programmer at Microsoft. • Let's have lunch at McDonalds.

  14. Parts Of SpeechNoun • The sun sheds it’s beams on rich and poor alike. • Edward was a great king. • The rose smells sweet. • A flock of sheep is passing by. • George was a brave soldier.

  15. Name, Place, Animal, Thing • Fun time • Lets play Name, Place, Animal, Thing with a difference P

  16. Parts Of SpeechPronoun • Pronoun: is a word used instead of a noun. E.g. • Tim is absent, because he is ill. • This book is mine. • It is doubtful whether he will come for the party. • Bob is a kind boy. He has lent his bicycle to Alice.

  17. Parts Of SpeechPronoun E.g. • Do you think Mary is pretty? I think Mary is beautiful. With pronouns, we can say: • Do you think Mary is pretty? I think she is beautiful.

  18. Parts Of SpeechPronoun • PersonalPronoun: I, we, you, he, (she, it), are called Personal Pronouns because they stand for threepersons. E.g. • The person speaking –This is my book • The person spoken to – Those are your books • The person spoken of- That is her book

  19. Parts Of SpeechPronoun Anybody Each Either None Someone One Few • Indefinite Pronoun • Refers to noun that are indefinite. E.g. • One evening a beggar came to my door. • Somebody stole the mangoes.

  20. Parts Of SpeechPronoun This, That These, Those Who, Whom Whose, Which What • Relative Pronoun- such as that, who, which, whose and whom which give extra information about the subject. E.g. • The woman who interviewed me was very friendly. • I can't stand dogs that bark loudly.

  21. Parts Of SpeechPronoun Myself Yourself Himself Ourselves Themselves • Reflexive Pronoun • Pronouns combined with –self or –selves to emphasize the subject of the verb. E.g. I hurtmyself.

  22. Parts Of SpeechPronoun

  23. Lie detector I love scuba diving • Lets have some fun I am born in New York I love ChineseFood

  24. Parts Of SpeechAdjectives • An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun, pronoun or another adjective. An adjective "qualifies" or "modifies" a noun. Adjectives can be used before a noun or after certain verbs. We can often use two or more adjectives together. E.g. • A big car • I like Chinese food • It is a tough decision • A beautiful young French lady

  25. Parts Of SpeechAdjectives Adjective Patterns: • Adjectives can come before noun:a new car • Adjectives can come after verbs: such as be, become, seem, look, etc.:that car looks fast • They can be modified by adverbs: a very expensive car

  26. Name Chain Hi! This is my friend Witty William And I am Energetic Esther Hi! That’s Witty William, this is Energetic Esther and I am Helpful Henry Hi! I’m Witty William • Fun Time

  27. Parts Of SpeechVerb Verb:is a word that tells something about a person or thing. E.g. • The sun shines brightly. • Harry laughs.

  28. Parts Of SpeechVerb Types of Verbs • Auxiliary Verbs • Regular Verbs • Irregular Verbs • Modal Verbs

  29. Parts Of SpeechVerb • Auxiliary Verb: ‘ToDo’,‘Be’and‘Have’are the English auxiliary verbs / helping verbs used in a negative structure, a question or to showtenses. • Modal Verb: Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as possibility, intention, obligation and necessity. E.g. Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should

  30. Parts Of SpeechVerb • Regular Verb: A regular verb is one that follows the pattern of taking -ed for the past simple and past participles. E.g. walk / walked / walked • Irregular Verb: An irregular verb is one that does not take the -ed ending for the Past Simple and Past Simple forms. Some verbs do not change.

  31. Parts Of SpeechVerb Types of Verbs • Irregular Verbs

  32. Parts Of SpeechVerb Characteristics of Verbs • Verbs usually come after the subject of the sentence. E.g. Chris paints well. • Verbs must agree in person (first, second, etc.) and number (singular and plural) with the subject of the sentence. E.g. She sings sweetly. They sing sweetly.

  33. Parts Of SpeechAdverb • Adverb- An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb. An adverb "qualifies" or "modifies" a verb. But adverbs can also modify adjectives,or even other adverbs. E.g. • The man ranquickly. • Tara is reallybeautiful. • The Cell phone works verywell.

  34. Parts Of SpeechAdverb Characteristics of Adverb • Function The main job of an adverb is to modify (give more information about) verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. Modify a verb: - John speaks loudly. (How does John speak?)- Mary liveslocally. (Where does Mary live?)- She never smokes. (When does she smoke?)(In the following examples, the adverb is inred and the word that it modifies is in purple.)

  35. Parts Of SpeechAdverb • Form • Many adverbs end in -ly. E.g. quickly, softly, strongly, honestly, interestingly. • But not all words that end in -ly are adverbs. E.g. "Friendly", is an adjective. • Some adverbs have no particular form. E.g. well, fast, very, never, always, often, still

  36. Parts Of SpeechAdverb 3. Position Adverbs have three main positions in the sentence: • Front (before the subject):- Nowwe will study adverbs. • Middle (between the subject and the main verb):- Weoften study adverbs. • End (after the verb or object):- We study adverbs carefully.

  37. Dumbverb • Lets have some fun • Enact the given adverbs while the class guesses the same. E.g. Harry and Sally dancegracefully.

  38. Parts Of SpeechPrepositions • Prepositions: are words that we can use to indicate time, place and space.

  39. Parts Of SpeechPrepositions Commonly used Prepositions

  40. Parts Of SpeechPrepositions • We went to school on Monday. • My plane stopped at Washington and New Jersey and arrived in New York two hours late.

  41. Kingfisher Lord of the Ad world Fun Time Identify slogans with Prepositions in them E.g. Lets go in an ALTO – Maruti King of good times - Kingfisher

  42. Parts Of SpeechConjunctions F – For A – And N – Nor B – But O – Or Y – Yet S - So • Coordinating Conjunctions - are used to jointwo parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses. E.g. • Jack and Jill went up the hill. • The water was warm butI didn't go swimming.

  43. Parts Of SpeechConjunctions Since, Because, If, After, Until, Although, Before, As Though, Though, When, Unless As • Subordinating conjunctions - A word or words used to connect unequal parts of a sentence. E.g. I went swimming, although it was cold.

  44. Parts Of SpeechConjunctions Both-and Either-or Neither-nor Since-therefore If-then Not only-but also • Correlative Conjunctions – A pair of conjunctions used to show a comparison. (They are also known as paired conjunctions) E.g. Not only is she rich, but also intelligent.

  45. CONJUNCTIONS Conjingle So For • Fun time But Nor And Also

  46. Alas ! Parts Of SpeechInterjection • Interjection: is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Hello!, Bravo!,Alas!orAh! They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing. When interjections are inserted into a sentence, they have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An interjection is followed by an exclamation mark (!) when written.

  47. Hi ! What's new? Parts Of SpeechInterjection E.g. • "Hey ! look at that!" (calling attention ) • "Hi ! What's new?" (expressing greeting ) • "Well ! what did he say?" (introducing a remark ) Well ! what did he say?

  48. Subjects andVerbs Objective • Identify the correctusage of Subject and Verb in a sentence • Identify the correct usage of Subjects and Verbs while speaking in English

  49. SubjectsandVerbs Verb:The part of speech that expresses action, or state of being. Subject:The part which names the person or thing we are speaking about in a sentence.

  50. SubjectsandVerbs Subject and Verb Agreement The Verb agrees with the Subject in Number and Person E.g. Sam and Harry are friends.

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