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Basic Japanese Grammar

Basic Japanese Grammar. Japanese for Busy People Unit 1. Word order. Japanese is SOV (Subject + Object + Verb) スミスさん　は　にほん　に　いきます。 Sumisusan wa nihon ni ikimasu . Smith (topic) Japan to will go. English is SVO (Subject + Verb + Object)

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Basic Japanese Grammar

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  1. Basic Japanese Grammar Japanese for Busy People Unit 1

  2. Word order • Japanese is SOV (Subject + Object + Verb) スミスさん　は　にほん　に　いきます。 Sumisusanwanihonniikimasu. Smith (topic) Japan to will go. • English is SVO (Subject + Verb + Object) Smith is going to Japan.

  3. Basic punctuation • Japanese uses no spaces. (Spaces are used to help new learners of the language only.) • 　。= full stop • 　、= comma

  4. Topic - Wa • Topic (what the sentence is mainly about) is marked with Particle wa – は(hiragana ha but read wa). はなこさん　 は　がくせい　です。 Hanako san wagakuseidesu. Hanako(topic) student is. Hanako is a student. • The topic of the sentence is Hanako, the rest of the sentence provides information about the topic ie describes Hanako.

  5. Ellipsis – omission of topic • When the topic is understood or obvious, it is common to omit the topic. わたし　は　がくせい　です。 Watashiwagakuseidesu. わたし　は　がくせい　です。 Watashiwagakuseidesu. • First and second person pronouns (me – わたし watashi) (you – あなたanata) are often omitted, as they are obvious.

  6. Creating questions - Ka • Simply add the Particle ka - か がくせい　です。 Gakuseidesu. I’m a student. がくせい　です　か。 Gakuseidesu ka. Are you a student?

  7. Answering questions – no topic • Topic is often omitted when answering questions はなこさん　は　がくせい　です　か。 Hanakosanwagakuseidesu ka? Is Hanako a student? はい、はなこさん　はがくせい　です。 Hai, Hanakosanwagakuseidesu. Yes, Hanako is a studentshe is.

  8. Negatives • ですではありません　 OR じゃありません desudewaarimasen (f)jyaarimasen (if) がくせい　です。 Gakuseidesu. I’m a student. がくせい　ではありません。 Gakuseidewaarimsen. I’m not a student.

  9. Possessive - Particle no • Particle no - の attaches to nouns to express belonging or affiliation はなこさん　の　ほん　です。 Hanakosanno hondesu. Hanako’s book.

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