America before Columbus: The Way We Were

1. Section 2: Notes America before Columbus: The Way We Were

2. Out of Africa

3. Origins Paleo— Beringia Ice Bridge The Bering Strait—satellite image today

4. The First Americans The Lithic peoples or Paleo-Indians are the earliest known humans of the Americas. The period's name derives from the appearance of "lithic flaked" stone tools

5. History before Contact

6. Interesting Environments Species of the Americas gone missing American horses about the size of a Great Dane; modern horses are European immigrants The American camel found in Nebraska about the size of a German Shepherd dog Bison ancestor to the buffalo found in Canada

7. Also departed American Mastodon –note size compared to a man Saber-tooth cats of California weighing in at 600 pounds American lion of the Great Plains about another ¼ larger than the African variety Giant Beaver—Great Lakes region at 8’ and over 500 lbs.

8. Technology of Diversity • Domestication of crops • Architecture • Weapons • Calendars • Glyph writing • Art forms • Language

9. Cultural Changes over Time • Migration from Asia and the environmental factors pushed clans south and east while the landscape forced innovations to survive!

10. Sensitivity to Cultural Differences • Labels—Native Americans, First nations, Indians, or by group names • Religions are as varied as the language and groups • Time alone is not the factor, but interaction among people and from the outside circumstances • THE GOLDEN RULE: Do onto others as you have them do onto you • Emphasis: appreciate the differences, but not try to analyze them any more that you want to be analyzed yourself

11. Questions & Answers • Which of the following is native to the Americas? • Tomatoes, corn, and potatoes • Pigs, wheat, dandelions • All peoples of the Americas before 1492 spoke the same language? • True False • Indigenous persons moved south because of… • The environment Desire for wealth • We know about the Americas before 1492 because of the written accounts left behind. • True False

12. Final Words An accomplished student: • Is committed to his or her own learning • Knows what material s/he will be expected to learn and plans the best way to learn it within the confines of the course • Is responsible for monitoring and managing his/her own learning; for example, gets makeup work online and immediately turns it in on return • Thinks systematically about learning and learns from experience

13. Okay—I lied a few more • Sees self as a contributing member of a learning community • Treat self, other class members, visitors, and the instructor with respect and manners • Is aware of the strengths and limitations of others • Has pride in success and overcomes weaknesses through diligence • Shows age-appropriate behaviors and strives for maturity as an adult learner

14. I promise—one more after this • Does assignments on time and to the very best of one’s ability • All work will be done in dark blue or black ink, unless specifically instructed otherwise • Follow class heading, standard grammar, and formatting guidelines • Does share in committees and learning groups • Seek help from the instructor as soon as there is trouble with any concept we are studying or discussing

15. Da da… • Creates time in the schedule to get the help needed • Controls impulses to gain attention through negative actions • Uses positive means to become a fully actualized person Ross the boss