US History

1. US History Units: 1. Before America 2. Early America 3. Revolution 4. Learning to be America + Foreign Policy 5. Slavery and economic growth 6. Civil War 7. Reconstruction & The Industrial Revolution 8. Robber Barrons 9. WWI 10. Depression 11. WWII 12. Modern America is born 13. The inspiration for all those great spy movies 14. The birth of rock and roll 15. The sixties and the rise and fall of countercultures 16. Vietnam 17. Excess and the 80’s 18. Mr. Preston becomes a teenager 19. In the year 2000

2. 1 • Water Freezes • Glaciers form and use water, land bridge appears. • Nomads wander over bridge • Head south where it is warm • Nomads become • The Maya– Big temples, • The Olmecs- Big temples, make calendars, dug ditches, irrigation • The Incas- mined gold, silver • The Aztecs-knew math, written language

3. Explorers • John Cabot- England 1497 • Amerigo Vespucci- Portugal- 1502 • Vasca Nunez de Balboa- Spain- 1513 • Ferdinand Magellan- Spain 1519-1522

4. Aztecs Destroyed • Killed by Henry Cortes • Led Army to Mexico • Stole gold and silver • Won battle because of technology

5. Settlements • Jamestown, Virginia- First colony established by English • Land filled with swamps • Poor Farming • Hardly any fresh water • Many settlers died from hunger and disease

6. Plymouth • Came on Mayflower to escape religious persecution, 1620 • Pilgrims • separated from the Church of England • Mayflower Compact-Leaders of Pilgrims wrote and agreement saying that the laws of the new colony would be fair and equal. All the men on board agreed to it.

7. Plymouth cont.. • Landed late in fall, too late to plant crops • Weather was cold • Not enough food • Settlers became ill • Native Americans helped through the first winter • More than ½ still died by spring • Native Americans showed them how to grow corn, hunt turkey and deer, ways to fish for food • By 1621 Pilgrims had made it, celebrate one full year with a 3 day harvest festival, people today think of this as the first Thanksgiving

8. Growing Colonies • Colonies start to grow • Massachusetts • Rhode Island • Connecticut • New Hampshire • New York • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • Delaware • Virginia • Maryland • Carolinas • Georgia

9. Massachusetts • First New England Colony • Included all of Massachusetts and part of Maine • Other colonies grew out of Massachusetts

10. Rhode Island • After Massachusetts was settled, many people who were unhappy with puritan life moved to other areas • Some were forced to leave • Roger Williams left and built settlement called Providence, which became Rhode Island • 1635- Minister named Roger Williams was kicked out • He believed the church had to much power • State, government should be separate from the church, or religion • Free to practice own beliefs, religions • All 3 beliefs became core parts of the declaration of independence and bill of rights

11. Connecticut • Minister, Thomas Hooker, led people out of Massachusetts • Felt Puritans had become too powerful • Settled a new colony, Connecticut, Native American name meaning “long river place”

12. New Hampshire • 1623, King James (England) sent two fish merchants and others to explore the coast of present day New Hampshire • Communities established • People came to these fishing communities because they didn’t want to follow the rules of the Puritan church • New Hampshire became a colony in 1741

13. New York • Land between Virginia and New Hampshire settled by the Dutch • 1609 Henry Hudson, English explorer, hired by Dutch to sail up river, later named for him • Claimed land along river and named it New Netherlands • Largest colony settled on an island, now called Manhattan, named after Manhattan tribe

14. New Jersey • 1664, English forces took control of New New Amsterdam (Netherlands) • Split in two, one became New York and another became New Jersey • Large town at the mouth of the Hudson was renamed New York

15. Pennsylvania • Quakers, led by William Penn, wanted to travel to America to follow beliefs • He asked King of England for land and was given Pennsylvania. • Quakers are pacifists

16. Delaware • 1704, land taken over by Dutch from Sweden, then England • Settlers asked William Penn for land to set up their own colony and he agreed.

17. Virginia • The first colony of Virginia began with the Jamestown settlement in 1607 • More settlers came from New England and other middle colonies

18. Maryland • 1632, Lord Baltimore, rich English Catholic, was given a charter. He settled the colony of Maryland • Lord Baltimore had Toleration act passed in Maryland. Act guaranteed freedom of religion to all Christians.

19. Carolinas • 1663, King Charles of England gave 8 rich English Lords the right to settle land south of Virginia • Good soil, beautiful land • Allowed religious freedom • So many people came because of the good soil that it broke into North and South

20. Georgia • Last of the 13 colonies • Settled as home for debtors • These people who had been jailed for not paying money owed to others • James Oglethorpe thought jail was unfair for debtors and asked for a new start in America • 1773, Georgia, named after king George II became a colony

21. Photos

22. Colonial Americahttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/20804-the-early-colonists-daily-life-video.htm

23. Pilgrims

24. William Penn

25. Native Americans

26. Aztec Temple

27. How They Made Money • The economies of the new world were primarily farming, shipping, fishing, shipbuilding • Flour was a big export and so was lumber • Ships were built on the coast, especially around Boston • Flour was grown inland • Southern Colonies in the east used slave labor and grew tobacco, rise, cotton, indigo • Farmers started off hiring people to work but slaves became more profitable and as the farmers became more successful the amount of slaves being used increased until they were doing most of the work

28. Frontier Farms • Europeans who arrived in the Southern Colonies in the late 1600’s discovered that most of the good farmland on the coast was taken. They moved west to the Appalachian Mountains • Farms were small and run by families and friends, no slaves were used.

29. Women and the Colonies • Women worked hard in the 13 colonies. • Worked with husbands as shipbuilders • Worked as Shopkeepers • Worked as printers– Poor Richard’s Almanac by Ben Franklin • Did household jobs • Sewing • Cooking • Cleaning • hunting

30. Settlements - Town • Towns were established from Settlements • Many people knew each other and wanted to live near each other • Kids apprentices • Bartered and traded between towns (traded products for other products or services) • Imported items from other towns • Most imported items • Lots of importing between Europe and southern colonies Set up shops based on skills

31. Great Awakening • People came to America for Religion then abandoned it • Ministers tried to Awaken interest in God • New religious groups formed

32. The Enlightenment • Colonists interested in new ideas • Enlightenment was a new way of thinking that came from people in Europe • People believed that knowledge was power • Said that if people used reason, the government and society would improve • Encouraged people to question others and to believe that government should protect “lives and liberty and property.”

33. Political Rights • Political rights are rights given to people by the government • England, voters elected people to represent them in making laws. • Colonies, had the representatives but 8 of the 13 colonies were ruled by governors chosen by the King • Governors could throw out lawmakers who did not follow English laws. This was unfair • England had a right to trial by Jury, Colonies did not

34. Economic Rights • Colonists wanted to sell products for the most money possible and wherever they wanted to • England believed in mercantilism • The idea that a nation becomes stronger by building up it’s gold supply and increasing trade England established colonies to make money and didn’t like this - Passed laws to regulate or control the trade in the colonies

35. Revolution Timeline • March 5, 1770 Boston Massacre • Colonists yell insults at British soldiers • Someone throws snowballs and rocks • Soldiers shoot and 5 men died

36. Revolution Timeline December 1773, colonists dress as Native ---Americans, boarded ships in Boston Harbor -Threw tea overboard -angry because British passed a law saying only a British company could supply colonies with tea -Colonists are now unable to meet and more soldiers are sent to their city

37. Revolution Timeline • 1774, colonial leaders meet in Philadelphia • The First Continental Congress • Members of every colony except Georgia met and wrote the Declaration of American Rights and sent it to Great Britain • It listed all of the unfair treatment • George Washington, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry and others were leading the session • The Declaration did not change the Britain’s mind

38. Revolution Timeline • Colonists become angrier • Patrick Henry demanded freedom from Great Britain and famously ended one of his speeches screaming “Give me liberty or give me death!” • Many colonists agreed and this became a battle cry

39. Revolution Timeline • People were ready to die for freedom • In Massachusetts, groups called minutemen formed • Minutemen- colonists between ages of 16-60 who could be ready to fight at a minute’s notice • Minutemen stored guns and bullets in Concord, 2o miles outside of Boston

40. Revolution Timeline • British General Thomas Gage finds out about the guns in Concord • Orders troops to raid the storage area and destroy the guns • April 18,1775, 700 British soldiers marched out of Boston, unaware that they were being spied on • Colonists had a plan to warn the Minutemen • They lit lanterns as a warning signal on lantern meant the attack was on land, two meant they were heading north by boat • “One if by land, two if by sea” • One lantern lit the tower, The Minutemen had to be warned. A colonist by the name of Paul Revere jumped on to his horse and rode into the darkness, 16 miles, yelling “The redcoats are coming” • Revere was joined by William Dawes, they road together • They were captured, Samuel Prescott continued to ride and warn the other towns

41. Revolution Timeline • The Battle of Lexington and Concord, April 19, 1775 • British arrive at Lexington Green, 70 men waiting for them, led by American Captain John Parker “Stand your Ground. Don’t fire unless fired upon. But if they want war, let it begin here.” • 8 Minutemen killed, one British wounded, Minutemen scattered in defeat • General Gage marched British troops to Concord • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/20724-lexington-and-concord-battles-for-independence-video.htm

42. Revolution Timeline • British continue to Concord, feeling confident • When they reached a northern bridge near Concord, they were charged on by 450 minutemen + shopkeepers, farmers, and others with rifles • They charged at the British and pushed them back where they were met by more Minutemen hiding behind trees and stone walls, They ran to Boston but by the time they got there 300 British were dead and 90 colonists were dead or wounded • This was the first battle of the Revolutionary war but war had not been declared

43. Revolution Timeline • The Second Continental Congress • A month after the battles of Lexington and Concord colonial leaders met again in Philadelphia, This was called the Second Continental Congress • War had not yet been declared between Great Britain and the colonies • Many leaders did not want war but they new it was probably going to happen because of the violence • They decided to petition Britain to help find a peaceful resolution, They called this the Olive Branch Petition • They still prepared for war and chose George Washington, a planter from Virginia, as a military leader. He had fought well during the French and Indian War.

44. Revolution Timeline • Battle of Bunker Hill • Fighting broke out in Boston • British troops had remained in the city • Britain ordered them to break out but they had to get past the Militia (emergency groups of colonists) that were camped out on Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill • This was one of the bloodiest battles of the war and Britain took control of the hill on June 17, 1775 • Britain “won” but they lost more men than the colonists and the King was shocked. The colonists were not disappointed because even though they lost they beat up the British • King George III hired German soldiers to control colonists and he had the navy block all shipping • The shipping blockade bothered the colonists and prevented supplies from getting into or out of certain areas.

45. Revolution Timeline • Watch video about Lexington and Concord • Read page 72-75 from the book as a class. • Read only the description of the 7 battles. • We will discuss the Declaration of Independence and Treaty of Paris on Friday

46. Declaration of Independence • The Introduction • The Introduction of the Declaration of Independence refers to the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitling the people to assume any type of political independence. The introduction also acknowledges that the reason for independence must be of reasonable terms. The Declaration therefore must be concise and explained thoroughly.

47. Declaration of Independence • The Preamble • The Preamble contains probably the most famous lines of the Declaration, “we hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal.�? The Preamble states that there are certain unalienable rights that government should never violate. Those rights include the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Should those rights be violated and the government fails to protect them, the people have the right to protect those rights themselves by overthrowing the government.

48. Declaration of Independence • The Indictment • The Indictment begins by stating the suffering of the American colonies and the feeling of absolute constraint in forming a new system of government. The Indictment also refers to the numerous and repeated injuries that King George III placed upon the colonies and then go on to include factual information as to the many things that King George III had committed. • The King is accused of twenty seven specific abuses; interfering with colonists' rights to self government and a fair judicial system; instituting legislation that affected colonies without their consent, increasing taxes on colonists; requirement to quarter British soldiers; right to trial by jury; preventing them from trading freely, for example. Also, the King had refused to protect the borders of the colonies thus resulting in the destruction of American life and property. These are among the twenty seven accusations the colonists made in direct relation with King George the III in the Indictment portion of the Declaration of Independence.

49. Declaration of Independence • The Denunciation • The Denunciation portion of the Declaration of Independence basically covers and finishes their case for separating from England in the hopes for a peaceful resolution, but with the clear understanding that war is almost inevitable. This section of the Declaration also notes the attempts that had been made to peacefully work things out as many of the Americans still felt that England was their brother and had appealed to more prominent people among the British. Still to their utter disappointment and their requests the colonies remained ignored and unsuccessful.

50. Declaration of Independence • The ConclusionIn conclusion, the representatives of the United States of America and the people of the colonies had seen existent conditions that required a change in government structure and policy. The conclusion states that “these united Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown.�? The conclusion of the Declaration also contains the core of Lee’s Resolution that had been passed on July 2. • A summary of the Declaration of Independence will always take something away from the true words written by Thomas Jefferson, but will give you an idea of what the declaration is about.