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Dr. Svetlana Brzev Department of Civil Engineering British Columbia Institute of Technology

Special Session on Retrofit of Masonry Structures Confined Masonry: Seismic Retrofitting and New Construction of School Buildings. Dr. Svetlana Brzev Department of Civil Engineering British Columbia Institute of Technology Vancouver, Canada Prof. Roberto Meli

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Dr. Svetlana Brzev Department of Civil Engineering British Columbia Institute of Technology

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  1. Special Session on Retrofit of Masonry StructuresConfined Masonry: Seismic Retrofitting and New Construction of School Buildings Dr. Svetlana Brzev Department of Civil Engineering British Columbia Institute of Technology Vancouver, Canada Prof. Roberto Meli Instituto de Ingeneria, UNAM, Mexico

  2. Evolved though an informal process based on its satisfactory performance in past earthquakes The first reported use in the reconstruction after the 1908 Messina, Italy earthquake (M 7.2) - death toll 70,000 Practiced in Chile and Columbia since 1930’s and in Mexico since 1940’s Confined Masonry: Beginnings Currently practiced in several countries/regions with high seismic risk, including Latin America, Mediterranean Europe, Middle East (Iran), South Asia (Indonesia), and the Far East (China).

  3. Components of a Confined Masonry Building

  4. Confined Masonry and School Buildings • Suitable for low-rise buildings (most school buildings in Iran single-storey buildings) • Suitable for building plans with smaller room sizes (4-6 m) – schools in rural areas and smaller towns • Construction does not need advanced construction skills - it is expected that construction skills in rural areas are limited

  5. Confined Masonry Construction: Performance in Recent Earthquakes February 2010, Chile M 8.8 521 deaths (10 due to confined masonry construction) January 2010, Haiti M 7.0 300,000 deaths

  6. Performance of Confined Masonry in Iranian Earthquakes Source: URM Buildings and Earthquake, State Organization of Schools Renovation, Development and Mobilization, Iran, 2009

  7. Performance of Confined Masonry in Iranian Earthquakes - Observations Key deficiencies: • Poor quality of construction (especially concrete) • Inadequate detailing of RC confining elements and their connections • Code provisions not followed • Inadequate construction supervision ? • Inadequate construction skills?

  8. School Retrofit and Reconstruction Project, Iran: Needs • A significant effort (250,000 classrooms) • 90% schools of masonry construction • 70% schools are of non-engineered unreinforced masonry construction • Construction quality for some (many?) schools likely an issue • Viability of retrofit is questionable in such instances

  9. Confined Masonry for Iranian Schools • An opportunity to provide enhanced seismic safety for new school buildings • It is also possible to retrofit the existing confined masonry school buildings, provided that the construction quality is acceptable – otherwise reconstruction is preferred

  10. A project of the Confined Masonry Network Developed by an international expert group under the auspices of Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) and International Association of Earthquake Engineering (IAEE) Recommendations based on experience from countries and regions where confined masonry construction has been practiced for many decades, including Mexico, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Iran, Indonesia, China, Algeria and Slovenia. Global Resources Now Available:Seismic Design Guide for Confined Masonry Buildings

  11. Seismic Design Guide for Low-Rise Masonry Buildings available online at www.confinedmasonry.org 12

  12. 12th Canadian masonry Symposium, Vancouver, Canada, June 2-5, 2013 www.cms2013.ca 9th International Masonry Conference, 2014, Guimaraes, Portugal www.9imc.uminho.pt North American Masonry Conference, 2015, Denver, USA International Brick/Block Masonry Conference, 2016, Padua, Italy Upcoming Events

  13. Tim Hart, USA; Ahmed Mebarki, France; A.S. Moghadam, Iran; Daniel Quiun, Peru; Miha Tomazevic, Slovenia; Luis Yamin, Colombia. Maximiliano Astroza, Chile; Teddy Boen, Indonesia; Francisco Crisafulli, Argentina; Junwu Dai, China; Mohammed Farsi, Algeria; Acknowledgments Co-authors of the Guide: The sponsors: Haiti eq photo: Ben Benjamin, WSB, Vancouver

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