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Explore raster representation in GIS, raster resolution, encoding methods, ArcGIS usage, and compression techniques. Learn about chains and block codes, as well as quadtree partitioning in this informative lecture presentation.
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GUS: 0262Fundamentals of GIS Lecture Presentation 6: Raster Data Model Jeremy Mennis Department of Geography and Urban Studies Temple University
Raster Data Model • A raster representation is composed a series of layers, each with a theme • Typically used to represent ‘field-like’ geographic phenomena
Regular Tessellations Squares Triangles Hexagons
Raster Grid • but most common raster is composed of squares, called grid cells • grid cells are analogous to pixels in remote sensing images and computer graphics
1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 2 3 Raster Resolution The distance that one side of a grid cell represents on the ground = grid cell resolution The higher the resolution (smaller the grid cell), the higher the precision, but the greater the cost in data storage
1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 2 3 Raster and RDBMS Raster layer can be attached to a RDBMS ID Land Use • 1 Agricultural • 2 Road • Residential • Industrial
Data Compression Common Methods: • run length encoding • value point encoding • chain codes • block codes • quadtrees
1 1 1 2 3 1 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 Raster Chain Codes directions around the boundary of a region Value 4 North 1 East 1 North 2 East 2 South 3 West 3 Start
1 1 1 2 3 1 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 Raster Bock Codes two dimensional run length encoding 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 4 4 4 3 2 3 2 4 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Quadtree a partitioning of heterogeneous space into quarter sections
Quadtrees • node is a quadrant that is heterogeneous • leaf is a quadrant that is homogeneous • quadrants are assigned an ID number according to their position and level