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Emissions Inventory: India & China Assessments

Emissions Inventory: India & China Assessments. P.R. Shukla. Indian Emissions in 1995 (Million Ton). CO 2 780 CH 4 18.3 N 2 O 0.3 NO x 3.6 SO 2 4.7. Trends of Indian emissions (Million Ton). Carbon dioxide. Methane. Growth rate 1 %. Growth rate 6.4 %. 1000. 20.

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Emissions Inventory: India & China Assessments

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  1. Emissions Inventory: India & China Assessments P.R. Shukla

  2. Indian Emissions in 1995 (Million Ton) CO2 780 CH4 18.3 N2O 0.3 NOx 3.6 SO2 4.7

  3. Trends of Indian emissions (Million Ton) Carbon dioxide Methane Growth rate 1 % Growth rate 6.4 % 1000 20 800 19 600 18 Emissions (MT) 400 17 200 16 0 15 1985 1990 1995 1985 1990 1995

  4. NOx N2O and SO2 N2O: Growth rate 5.6 % 0.4 5 Growth rate 4.8 % 4 0.3 3 0.2 2 SO2: Growth Rate 5.4% 0.1 1 0 0.0 1985 1990 1995 1985 1990 1995 Trends of Indian emissions (MT)

  5. Comparative GHG Emissions from Other Countries

  6. Methane Emissions (1990) (MT) Dominant Sources India17.2 Livestock China28.5 Rice Brazil9.9 Livestock USA 27.0 Solid Waste, Oil Global375 Agriculture, Solid Waste, Livestock

  7. 25 20 15 Tons 10 5 0 USA India Japan World China Germany CO2 per Capita (1990)

  8. 6 4 Percentage 2 0 -2 USA India Japan China World Brazil Germany Growth Rates of CO2 Emissions (1990-95)

  9. Emissions (Gg) N2O Emissions (1990) Global Emissions ….. 9000 Gg

  10. 16 12 8 T / km2 4 0 UK USA India Japan Spain China Canada Germany SO2 per Area (1990)

  11. 8 6 4 % Growth 2 0 -2 USA India Japan China Germany Growth Rates of SO2 Emissions

  12. Emissions (MT) NOx Emissions (1990)

  13. Emission Coefficients

  14. Indian Emission Coefficients • CO2, N2O and NOX coefficients are same as IPCC • Fuelwood Sulfur contents assumed to be closer to CORINAIR 90 range, rather than to IPCC default values

  15. Methane Emission Coefficients • Age profile specific livestock emissions (from IPCC) • Methane coefficients for paddy are Indianised • Coal mines are categorized in four levels (as per IPCC) for Methane estimates • For MSW, IPCC co-efficient is used. While MSW estimates are Indianised, composition may differ from IPCC assumptions

  16. Methane Emission Coefficient : Paddy

  17. Thirty cities measured values • Composition of Indian MSW differs from IPCC assumptions (Grams/person)1990 1995 Daily MSW 300 350 IPCC Value 330 Co-eff 0.045 (kg/kg of MSW) Methane Emission Coefficient :Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

  18. 0.04 India Specific IPCC 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 Coal* Diesel Sulfuric Diesel Oil acid Gasoline Light Fuelwood Kerosene Differences in SO2 Emission coefficients (Ton/Ton) Emissions (MT) 1990 1995 Indian coefficients3.61 4.65 IPCC coefficients 4.14 5.04 * Coal coefficients compared with IPCC low coal

  19. Regional Emission Distributions

  20. CO2 Emission Distribution

  21. Methane Emissions

  22. Sectoral Emissions

  23. 62% 31% 7% CO2 CH4 N2O Contribution to GWP (1995) CO2 equivalent GWP 1254 MT Growth rate (1990-95) 4.1 %

  24. CO2 Emissions (1995) 45% 35% 55% 35% 5% 2% 13% 10% Power sector Other transport Steel Other industries Other sectors Industry Road Cement 62 % contribution to GWP • Power sector emits80% from 30plants • Industry emissions are relatively dispersed • 10% districts emit 70% (including 5 steel plants)

  25. 12 9 6 % 3 0 Electric power All India Industry services Transport Miscellaneous Agriculture CO2 Emissions Growth Rates (1985-95)

  26. Growth rates of Transport CO2 (1985-95)

  27. 31 % contribution to GWP 2% 4% 2% 10% 45% 15% 22% Livestock Waste water Paddy cultivation Oil & gas production & transportation Biomass burning Coal production Municipal solid waste Methane : Major Contributors

  28. 3% 7% 9% 10% 60% 11% Nitrogen fertilizer use Biomass burning Fertilizer production Livestock Others Industry (non-energy) N2O : Major Contributors 7 % contribution to GWP

  29. 7% 46% 10% 42% 14% 36% 1% 6% 3% 8% 27% Power r Industry Other industries Steel Agriculture Road Fertilizer Cement Others Other transport Industry (non-energy) SO2 : Major Contributors Emission sources same as CO2 emissions

  30. 2% 0% 4% 28% 19% 19% 28% Electric power generation Road transport Industry (energy use) Biomass burning Other transport Others Industry (non-energy) NOx : Major Contributors

  31. 60 50 40 30 Percentage 20 10 0 MSW Paddy Biomass Livestock Gas residue Agriculture Management Manure Waste Water Oil & Natural Medinipur (Rural) Delhi (Urban) Methane Emissions : Urban - Rural Comparison

  32. Emissions from Large Point Sources

  33. LPS Location Map

  34. Million Tons LPS: CO2Emissions

  35. Thousand Tons B C D A E F LPS: SO2 Emissions

  36. CO2 from Power Plants Million Tons • 50 LPS emit 40% of all India CO2 • More concentration near coal mine mouths

  37. CO2 Contribution from LPS All India Emissions = 778 MT All India LPS Others (Transport, Household) LPS

  38. Emission Performance and Age of Power Plants • R2 (age & SO2 gm/kWh) = 0.57 • Other measures (FGD) required for further improvements

  39. Largest CO2 LPS All these top emitters are power sector LPS

  40. Urbanization and LPS (Metro-districts)

  41. Emissions Maps for China

  42. China’s SO2 Emissions Inventory Maps

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