India-Based Neutrino Observatory (INO)

1. India-Based Neutrino Observatory(INO) ICAL ( conceptual) INO Peak at Bodi West Hills Naba K Mondal, TIFR, Mumbai 2mX2m RPC Test Stand at TIFR RPC Test stand at TIFR Prototype ICAL at VECC ASIC for RPC designed at BARC

2. ICAL: The physics goals • Accurate determination of the atmospheric parameters  (q23  octant, deviation of q23 from maximality) • Determination of neutrino mass hierarchy  (large q13 is  good  news !) • Nonstandard interactions,  CPT violation,  long range  forces,  ultrahigh ­energy muon fluxes, ...

3. Underground Laboratory Layout • The cavern-I is set under 1589 m peak with vertical rock cover of 1289 m. • Accessible through a 1.9 km long tunnel • Cavern -1 will host 50 kt ICAL detector. Space available for additional 50 kt. • Cavern-2 & 3 available for other experiments ( NDBD, Dark Matter ….).

4. INO-ICAL Detector

5. Construction of the ICAL detector

7. ICAL factsheet

8. Materials for gas volume fabrication Schematic of an assembled gas volume Edge spacer Gas nozzle Glass spacer

9. Development and characterisation of signal pickup panels Foam panel 48.2Ω G-10 panel Open 100Ω 51Ω 47Ω Z0: Inject a pulse into the strip; tune the terminating resistance at the far end, until its reflection disappears. Honeycomb panel

10. Fabrication of 1m x 1m RPCs

11. Fully assembled large area RPC 1m  1m

12. Prototype RPC Stack at TIFR tracking Muons Charge spectrum Analog signal due to muon Time resolution

13. cosmic ray tracks in the RPC stand Demonstrate the Tracking Capability of the RPC system

14. RPC strip rate time profile Temperature

15. Making of 2m x 2m RPCs

16. 2m x 2m glass RPC test stand

17. Steps towards Industrial production of RPCs

18. RPC fabrication at Asahi Float Glass Co.

19. Painting/curing of glass plates

20. Automatic RPC gap making

21. Chamfering and engraving of glass

22. RPC holding tray Self weight + 100kg load Finite Element Analysis Max. deflection 4.4mm Spec. 5mm Max. stress 8.2MPa FRP 25MPa Extra thickness in selected sections Three-line support Fabricated tray Down side view

23. Functions & integration of FE-DAQ

24. Overall scheme of ICAL electronics • Major elements • Front-end board • RPCDAQ board • Segment Trigger Module • Global Trigger Module • Global Trigger Driver • Tier1 Network Switch • Tier2 Network Switch • DAQ Server

25. ICAL Front End Electronics ASIC development Front end 8 in one Apmlifier-discriminator ASIC developed by BARC

26. ASIC based TDC device • Principle • Two fine TDCs to measure start/stop distance to clock edge (T1, T2) • Coarse TDC to count the number of clocks between start and stop (T3) • TDC output = T3+T1-T2 • Specifications • Currently a single-hit TDC, can be adapted to multi-hit • 20 bit parallel output • Clock period, Tc = 4ns • Fine TDC interval, Tc/32 = 125ps • Fine TDC output: 5 bits • Coarse TDC interval: 215 * Tc = 131.072ms • Coarse TDC output: 15 bits • The chip has arrived, evaluation tests are in progress it IITM CMEMS is also coming up with an ASIC with similar specs.

27. Technology development for Industrial production of RPCs • Development of graphite coating by automatic spray painting. • Demonstration of successful operation of automatic button and glue dispenser. • Development of glass chamfering and glass Engraving. • Pickup panel development. • Tray design. • Computer modeling of RPC & its assembly in ICAL. • Physical RPC models to study push-pull assembly in ICAL magnet gap.

28. Current status • INO-ICAL detector R&D work is progressing very well. A prototype detector stack with all its associated electronics and data acquisition system is operational at TIFR. We are now in the process of involving localindustry for their large scale production. • Various ASIC as well as FPGA based electronics modules/components for data acquisition from the ICAL detector are at various stages of development. • An engineering prototype detector will be constructed at Madurai in next one year.

29. ThankYou for your attention