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The Middle East and India

The Middle East and India. (see page 59 of student workbook). Let’s play…Ace the Place! (Use your map!). http://www.nationalgographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=mideast&Rootmap=pakist&Mode=d. Why do they call it The West Bank if It’s on the East side Of Israel?.

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The Middle East and India

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  1. The Middle East and India (see page 59 of student workbook)

  2. Let’s play…Ace the Place! (Use your map!)

  3. http://www.nationalgographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=mideast&Rootmap=pakist&Mode=dhttp://www.nationalgographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=mideast&Rootmap=pakist&Mode=d

  4. Why do they call it The West Bank if It’s on the East side Of Israel?

  5. Don’t forget… • WWI Ottoman’s (Turkey sides with Germany) • Sykes-Picot (1916) Shhh! Don’t tell anyone • Treaty of Sevres (1920): no to self-determination, yes to mandates Would you give away the keys to India? Think: Suez Canal. So much for self-determination.

  6. Palestine • Balfour Declaration (1917) Establishes Palestine (under Britain’s control) for Jews, while respecting non-Jews • 1918 McMahon Letters Arab support vs. Ottoman’s = Arab Self-determination • 1918 Total Population = 750 000 • 1918 60 000 Jews • 1939 630 000 Jews

  7. Key Terms/Names • Turkey vs. Greece • Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) • Persia • Reza Kahn • 1935 renamed Iran • Egypt • Zaghlul (leader of Wafd) • Remember the Suez Canal, and later oil? What would you do if you were Britain?

  8. 1947 UN Partition Plan (Jordan also created). Jews say Yes, Arabs say no • May 12, 1948 Jewish population declares State of Israel (Many Arab states declare war) • Yiśrā’ēl, meaning • "Upright (with) God") Question. What was Israel called before it was Israel?

  9. What does this?

  10. This? ‘Gassing’ - David Olere

  11. 45 55 france, britatin 55 - usssr usa This…? 1945 - 1955 (Especially Palestine)

  12. And this? … ‘I have vital interests in the area’

  13. All have in common? Now turn to page 165

  14. The Middle East, of course! Conflict because of… NATIONALISM… Religion… And OIL.

  15. Nationalism & the Middle East - 1945

  16. Palestinian War “On October 31, 1948, the commander of the Northern Front, Moshe Carmel, issued an order in writing to his units to expedite the removal of the Arab population...There is no doubt in my mind that this order originated with Ben-Gurion [the first Prime Minister of Israel]” — Israeli Historian Benny Morris, in Ha’aretz

  17. Palestinian War - 1948 -Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Iraq attack -Israel wins (access to sea in South) *-1 000 000 Palestinian Refugees -continuing Isareli reprisals

  18. Which of these two cartoonsis biased? How so?

  19. The Suez War - 1956 Remember: 1. Israel will survive 2. Goodbye Britain 3. Hello Superpowers Don’t forget the Cold War

  20. Gamal Nassar - 1954 -extreme nationalist -->evict British -->lead Arabs against Israel Nassar & Arafat

  21. The Aswan Dam

  22. The Aswan Dam -1952 planning began in 1952 -1954 Egyptian Revolution (Nasser becomes P.M.) -At first the USA and Britain to help finance construction in return for Nasser's leadership on resolving the Arab-Israeli Conflict. -1956 both nations cancel offer (as part of the secret US-led 'OMEGA' policy to marginalize Nasser). -secret Egyptian arms agreement with Czechoslovakia (Eastern Bloc) and Egyptian recognition of the People's Republic of China (1956) possible reasons. -1958 Soviets stepp in and fund dam project. Questions: 1. Why would Soviets fund the project? 2. Why are Arab states and Communism incompatible?

  23. Back to The Suez War "In October Israeli forces invaded Egypt and moved towards the Suez Canal. In accordance with their previous agreement, Britain and France sent an ultimatum to both Israel and Egypt to withdraw from the Canal Zone, and 'Abd al-Nasir's [Egyptian President Abdul Nasser's] refusal gave a pretext for British and French forces to attack and occupy part of the zone. This action, however, was a threat not only to Egypt and those Arab states which supported it, but to the United States and Soviet Union, which as great powers could not accept that such decisive steps should be taken in an area in which they had interests without those interests being taken into account. Under American and Soviet pressure, and faced with worldwide hostility and the danger of financial collapse, the three forces [Britain, France and Israel] withdrew.” -Albert Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples

  24. Questions: For the first time U.N. Peacekeepers are used. Name the man who made the suggestion. The PLO is born. Who is their leader? ‘How do they fight?

  25. The Six Day War, 5 - 10 June, 1967 (See workbook p. 170 E) (Read ‘How 1967 defined the Middle East’ 1.Egypt masses for attack, closes Straits of Tiran, threatens Israel ‘We have nothing for Israel except war’ -Ahmed Said (Egyptian radio announcer) 2. & 3. Israel, led by Dayan attack and win. -destroy air force, capture Sinai, Jerusalem, Westbank and Golan Heights Palestinian refugees face reality, Israel has buffer zone Israel beats up Egypt, U.S.S.R. backs Egypt, U.S.A. tells Israel to back off.

  26. Anwar Sadat - 1970 Before (Hawk) After (Dove) Why a before after?

  27. Yom Kippur War - October 1973 SURPRISE! It’s not that kind of party. Known in English as the Day of Atonement, is the most solemn and important of the Jewish holidays. Its central themes are atonement and repentance. Jews have traditionally observed this holiday with a 24-hour period of fasting and intensive prayer.

  28. Questions: 1. Why would I put this picture here? 2. Does anyone remember 9/11?

  29. OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries -raises crude prices 70% -Arab Oil Embargo "You're like a bunch of... of... of... CAPITALISTS!" -Dennis Renault, Sacramento Bee, 1974

  30. U.S. President Jimmy Carter (centre), Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin (left), and Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat (right) clasping hands on the White House lawn after the signing of the peace treaty between Israel and Egypt, March 26, 1979. • Toward a Settlement • Peace Settlement (Carter, Kissinger and Sadat the Dove) • - 1979 Camp David Accords • ->Egype expelled from OPEC • ->resurgence of Islamic fundamentalism • Question: • What about the Palestinians?

  31. Camp David is the rustic 0.5 km²)mountain retreat of the President of the United States, 97 km north of Washington, D.C. As an aside, you should know all of the people above for the exam.

  32. Toward a Settlement • 1979 Camp David Accords (Peace Treaty) • (Carter, Kissinger and Sadat the Dove) • 1. No war 2. Refugees 3. Israel = Suez and 4. = Egypt’s oil • ->Egypt expelled from OPEC • ->resurgence of Islamic fundamentalism Question: What about the Palestinians?

  33. So where are we 20 years later? Read:A Suicide Bomber in Training Friday, Apr. 27, 2007 http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1615738,00.html

  34. Conflict in Lebanon p. 172 Independence from French 1975 - 1991 Civil War Why? Christians, Muslims and at least 500 000 Palestinain refugees. 1982 Multinational Force 1987 Syria Today Still used as base for PLO, 2006 war

  35. RESURGENCE OF ISLAM p. 172 1948 = Independence, 1953 = Shah w. Western Inclinations, Ayatollah Khomeini & Iran becomes a Shiite theocracy Dominated by Anti-westernism and Islamic Law Q. Iran’s Two Main Exports? Oil and i.e. Islamic Fundamentalism (terrorism!?)

  36. The Iran - Iraq War 1980 - 1988 Ronald ‘Skywalker’ Reagan Ayatollah ‘the Assahola’ ‘insane in the membrane’ Sadam Hussein Note: The West backs Iraq. Question: Why Leonid ‘the doctrine is in’ Brezhnev

  37. The Persian Gulf War 1990 - 1991 p. 174 Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait.

  38. OIL, OIL,OIL ‘No More Munichs’ ‘We will lead a coalition Against Saddam Hussein’ ‘The Saudis, Syrians and Egyptians are in, but the Israelis can’t join’ Question: Why the Arab States, but no the Israelis? George Bush Sr.

  39. Operation Desert Storm Iraqi casualities = 90 000 Question: What’s burning Behind the tank?

  40. Gulf War: 1990 - 1991 + Israeli Involvement = ???????? Gulf War: 1990 - 1991 + Collapse of U.S.S.R 1991 = ???????? See PLO’s B1: Explain the significance of nationalism and imperialism In the world of 1919 with reference to the Middle East. E3: Describe relations between Israel and the Arab world, with reference to territorial changes, Arab nationalism and the Suez Crisis.

  41. Before we leave the Middle East, let see page 176 and… THE SOVIETS IN AFGHANISTAN -compare it to the U.S. in Viet Nam Soviet Forces Mujaheddin

  42. Pay special attention to 10. Page 177

  43. So where are we today?

  44. The New York Times JERUSALEM — At least 18 Palestinians, many of them civilians, including children, and 3 Israeli soldiers were reported killed in heavy fighting in Gaza on Wednesday, one of the bloodiest days in weeks.

  45. Casualties in Iraq Shock and Awe

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