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Cell Energy

Cell Energy . Why do cells need energy?. To undergo mitosis To maintain homeostasis To make more energy Active Transport Nerve transmission Muscle Contraction Bioluminescence (glowing). How do Cells Store Energy?. ATP Adenosine Triphosphate Made of : 1 Adenine molecule

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Cell Energy

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  1. Cell Energy

  2. Why do cells need energy? • To undergo mitosis • To maintain homeostasis • To make more energy • Active Transport • Nerve transmission • Muscle Contraction • Bioluminescence (glowing)

  3. How do Cells Store Energy? • ATP • Adenosine Triphosphate • Made of : • 1 Adenine molecule • 1 Ribose sugar molecule • 3 Phosphate molecules • Energy is stored in the bonds between theses molecules!

  4. Why the need for ATP? • Light energy is not absorbed in plants quickly enough without ATP • In animals, energy is used too quickly • ATP molecules are constantly burned! • ADP- Adenosine diphosphate • ATP ADP + phosphate • Energy is released! • AMP- Adenosine monophosphate • ADP AMP + phosphate • Energy is released!

  5. How is ATP made? ATP A-P ≈P ≈P Nerve Conduction and active transport (uses ATP) Photosynthesis and Respiration (makes ATP) ADP A-P ≈P

  6. Comp Book Time! Complete Catch It Question 1

  7. Photosynthesis • Photo= Light • Syntheis= To make • The process in which plants use solar energy to create energy (ATP) • Plants use the CO2 (carbon dioxide) that animals breathe • Plants make O2 (oxygen) and glucose

  8. Photosynthesis happens in the chloroplast • Chloro= green -Plast= plastid • Contains chlorophyll which absorbs the sun’s energy • Thylakoid: Membrane that absorbs the sun’s energy • Grana: Stacks of thylakoids • Stroma: Fluid found inside of the chloroplast

  9. Equation for Photosynthesis LIGHT 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Chlorophyll REACTANTS PRODUCTS Raw Materials: CO2 and H2O, which are both inorganic Product: Glucose

  10. Light Dependant vs. Light Independent • Light dependant: needs energy from the sun to act as a catalyst for reactions to happen • Light independent: does not need energy from the sun, uses molecules made in the light dependant reactions to make energy • Also called the Calvin Cycle

  11. Process of Light Dependant Photosynthesis: • Light energy is absorbed and changed to chemical energy • Light energy is then transferred to the chlorophyll molecules in the thylakoid membrane • Chlorophyll acts as a catalyst • The energy level of the electrons rises due to light energy • This creates enough energy for photosynthesis to begin • Water splits into 2 H+ and O • ADP is made into ATP • Stores energy • O2 is released • Used for respiration

  12. Process of Light Independent Photosynthesis (Calvin Cycle) • ATP and NADPH (energy “helper” molecule) molecules are used- products of light dependant reaction • A carbon molecule in a carbohydrate is changed, which makes glucose • “Carbon Fixation” • Glucose is a high energy molecule http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1_uez5WX1o

  13. Comp Book Time! Complete Catch It Questions 2-5

  14. Cell Respiration • Chemical energy from glucose and other food molecules is released • Is the process in which plants and animals release ATP

  15. Cell respiration happens on the mitochondria • The mitochondria is a double layered organelle • Folds inside are called cristae (increase surface area so more ATP can be made)

  16. Respiratory C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2+6H20 + 38 ATP • Equation for cell respiration Enzymes REACTANTS PRODUCTS • The equation of cell respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis!

  17. Two stages of cell respiration • Glycolysis: • Anaerobic • Happens in the cytoplasm of cell • Produces two ATP molecules • Kreb’s Cycle: • Aerobic • Electron Transport Chain (34 ATP) • Happens in the mitochondria • For every cycle of the Kreb’s Cycle, 1 ATP is made

  18. Fermentation: • Happens after the Kreb’s Cycle if oxygen is not present • IN PLANTS: Alcoholic fermentation • End product is ethyl alcohol • Used in brewing and baking (yeast) • End product is glucose • IN ANIMALS: Lactic Acid fermentation • Accumulates in human muscle tissue. End product is muscle fatigue • Used to make pickles, yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut • End product is glucose

  19. Cell Respiration ATP Totals Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb’s Cycle 2 ATP Electron Transport 34 ATP Total 38 ATP http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=43700&title=Carbohydrates

  20. Comp Book Time! Complete Catch It Questions 6-11

  21. Energy and Life All living organisms require energy Living organisms divided into 2 groups: 1. Autotrophs: auto=self troph= feeder Photosynthesis: green plants and algae Chemosynthesis: energy is used from inorganic chemical reactions Ex: some bacteria

  22. 2. Heterotrophs: hetero=other troph= feeding • Animals are either herbivores (eat plants) or carnivores (eat meat) • Fungi (non-green, plant like) • Parasites- lives off of host • Saprophytes-Lives on dead or non-living organic matter • Most bacteria

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