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Cell Energy

Cell Energy. By: Amber Tharpe. ATP. Adenosine triphosphate High energy molecule that stores and releases energy for cell processes when needed. ATP. Energy “currency” for the cell Get it by breaking down food Mostly carbohydrates (glucose).

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Cell Energy

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  1. Cell Energy By: Amber Tharpe

  2. ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • High energy molecule that stores and releases energy for cell processes when needed

  3. ATP • Energy “currency” for the cell • Get it by breaking down food • Mostly carbohydrates (glucose)

  4. When a phosphate is removed from ATP and added to another molecule • Turns ATP to ADP • Releases energy • ATP ↔ ADP + P + energy

  5. Uses of Energy • Build cell parts • To maintain homeostasis • Movement • Active transport across cell membrane

  6. The Sun is the Main Source of Energy • All organisms get their energy either directly, or indirectly from the sun

  7. Photosynthesis • Process that plants use to capture energy from sunlight to store as sugar

  8. Chlorophyll Molecule in chloroplasts that absorb energy from sunlight Make plants appear green Chloroplast Membrane bound organelle where photosynthesis occurs

  9. Thylakoid • Membrane containing chlorophyll • Stroma • Fluid inside chloroplast

  10. Light Dependent Reactions • Takes place in the thylakoid • Requires light • Chlorophyll captures energy from the sun • Water molecules are split • Oxygen is given off

  11. Light Independent Reactions • Aka Calvin cycle or carbon fixation • Occurs in the stroma • Does not require light • Carbon dioxide is used to make sugar (glucose)

  12. Photosynthesis • Total Reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

  13. Cellular Respiration • Reverse reaction of photosynthesis • Releases energy from carbon-based molecules to make ATP • Aerobic • requires oxygen • Occurs in the mitochondria

  14. Glycolysis • 1st stage of cellular respiration • Occurs in the cytoplasm • Anaerobic • Does not require oxygen • Splits glucose into 2 pyruvates • Makes 2 ATP

  15. Krebs Cycle • Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria • Pyruvate is broken down further • Carbon dioxide is released • 2 ATP are made

  16. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) • Series of proteins embedded in the cristae that make energy • Electrons make ATP as they go through the proteins • Oxygen is consumed • Water is given off as waste • Lots of ATP are made

  17. Cellular Respiration • Total Reaction C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O • 36 ATP are produced

  18. Fermentation • Anaerobic breakdown of sugar • Still goes through glycolysis • Produces carbon dioxide and alcohol • 2 types • Alcoholic • Lactic acid

  19. Fermentation • Less efficient than cellular respiration • continues glycolysis • Makes only 2 ATP

  20. Alcoholic Brewing Baking Carbonating Lactic Acid Sore muscles Souring milk Uses of Fermentation

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