1 / 20

Development and Care of Infants

Development and Care of Infants. Birth-12 Months. Physical Development. Growth in size and weight Increased ability to control & coordinate body movements Never in a lifetime will anyone grow as fast as they do during infancy. Patterns of Physical Development. Head to Foot

luella
Download Presentation

Development and Care of Infants

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Development and Care of Infants Birth-12 Months

  2. Physical Development • Growth in size and weight • Increased ability to control & coordinate body movements • Never in a lifetime will anyone grow as fast as they do during infancy

  3. Patterns of Physical Development • Head to Foot Develop control of head and neck muscles first, then control of muscles move down baby and end with control of legs and feet • Near to Far Development begins at trunk and moves outward to hands and feet • Simple to Complex Large muscles develop first, then more fine muscles and complex abilities later

  4. Categories of Growth & Development First Year • Weight Gain is one of the best signs of good health • Most babies lose 10% of birth weight in the first five days of life • Afterward, they gain weight rapidly • Gain 1-2 pounds per month in the first 6 months • Gain about 1 pound a month in the next 6 months • Average weight of one year old is 20-22 lbs

  5. Growth Chart • C:\Users\Jenifer\Desktop\Growth Chart.pdf

  6. Categories, cont’d • Length instead of height because babies are measured while lying down • Average baby is 20 inches at birth • Boys are slightly longer than girls • Average baby at one year is 30 inches long

  7. Body Shape • Hold themselves in a tightly secured position with fists clenched • Skinny arms and legs, large abdomen • Navel cord usually falls off in three weeks • Body straightens out during the first six months

  8. Proportion • Proportion relates to size relationship between different parts of the body • Baby’s head and abdomen are large, and the legs and arms are short and small • Skull has fontanels

  9. Categories, cont’d.

  10. Vision • Improves rapidly during the first year • Is blurry at birth, but within a week or so, infant is aware of surroundings • By one month, infant can focus on objects as far away as 3 feet • By six months, eyesight reaches the sharpness of adult vision

  11. Hearing • Develops before birth • Can tell the direction of sound • Language develops with hearing spoken words

  12. Touch • Baby relies on touch of others to teach them about the environment • Relies on touch for exploration • Touch becomes a more important sense for learning as his/her first year progresses

  13. Smell and Taste • Develop after birth • Within 10 days they can distinguish mother from any other person by smell • Two week old babies can tell the difference between water, sour, sugar, salt, and milk

  14. Voice • Shrill but softens as lungs mature • Change in voice results from physical growth of throat muscles, tongue, lips, teeth, and vocal cords • Change in tongue and in the shape and proportion of the inside of the mouth during first months lead to speech development

  15. Motor Skills* • At birth babies have little control over their muscles • Gross motor skills involve using large muscles (arms and legs) • Fine motor skills involve using small muscles (hands and fingers) • Milestones of gross and fine motor skills occur

  16. Reflexes • At birth, babies have an automatic set of reflexes to help them survive • GRASP: Makes a fist over object placed in hand • ROOTING: When cheek is stroked, baby turns toward the side stroked with open mouth • STARTLE: When baby’s position changes quickly or a loud noise occurs baby throws head back, arms out, and arches back

  17. Reflexes (cont’d) • BABINSKI: Baby’s foot is stroked and toes fan out, foot twists inward • SUCKING: when something put in baby’s mouth

  18. Influences on Physical Development • Heredity-provides a unique combination of genes from parents • Good nutrition, essential nutrients, key to lifelong health • Staying healthy closely related to eating well and having energy to be active • Experience is important key to development • A stimulating environment (variety of things to see, smell, hear, taste, and touch) enhance development

  19. Infant Physical Care • Handling-head and neck support • Feeding- • Breast vs bottle • Burping (every 2-3 ounces, or when switch sides) • Introducing solid foods (4-6 months) http://www.webmd.com/favicon.ico • Food • Teeth-teething and care • Bathing-sponge bath and tub bath • Dressing-comfort, climate appropriate

  20. Infant Physical Care (cont’d) • Diapering-disposable and cloth diapers, changing steps • Sleeping-routines and proper position (back) • Medical care-wellness checkups • 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 months

More Related