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The Performance of Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks

The Performance of Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks. V. Gerginov 1 , S. Knappe 2 , P.D.D. Schwindt 3 , V. Shah 2 , J. Kitching 3 , L. Hollberg 3 In collaboration with: J. Moreland 4 , L. Liew 4 , S. Song 4 Z. Popovic 2 , A. Brannon 2 1 Also with University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556

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The Performance of Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks

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  1. The Performance of Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks V. Gerginov1, S. Knappe2, P.D.D. Schwindt3, V. Shah2, J. Kitching3, L. Hollberg3 In collaboration with: J. Moreland4, L. Liew4, S. Song4 Z. Popovic2, A. Brannon2 1Also with University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 2Also withUniversity of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 3National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 4Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305

  2. Higher Precision ??? Precision Quartz Crystal Wristwatch Quartz Crystal CSAC 1000 years 1cm3 30 mW $100 1 year 1 day 1 cm3 10-3 cm3 30 mW 10 mW $100 $1 Types of clocks Compact Atomic Clock Primary Standard Loses 1 sec. in: 108 years 1000 years Size: 107 cm3 100 cm3 Power: kW 5 W Cost: $1 M $1,000 Smaller Size

  3. 2 1 1 2 12 RF 2RF= 1- 2= 12 CPT-Based Chip-Scale Atomic Clock Arimondo et al., Lett. Nuovo Cim., 17, 333, 1976 Alzetta et al., Il Nuovo Cim.36B, 5, 1976 Bell et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.6, 280, 1961

  4. Clock Assembly Micromachined Vapor Cell Atomic Clock J. Kitching, S. Knappe and L. Hollberg, Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, 553, 2002 S. Knappe, L. Liew, V. Shah, P. Schwindt, J. Moreland, L. Hollberg and J. Kitching, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1460, 2004

  5. CSAC V

  6. Local Oscillator LO locked to CSAC V Power Consumption 5 mW DC at 1.6V Phase Noise -92dBc / Hz @ 10kHz offset -33dBc / Hz @ 100Hz offset RF Output Power -6dBm to -9dBm @ 3.417 GHz Thermal drift 0ppm / K at room temperature -17ppm / K avg. over 0 ºC to 50 ºC the range Tuning Range 3 MHz Size 0.49 cm2 LO locked to table-top experiment Allan deviation A. Brannon et al., 2005 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp Dig.

  7. Clock Performance 1in vacuum Limitations on long-term stability: - environment temp. changes - laser parameter changes - CPT resonance drift

  8. Components Optimization Cell performance (table top experiment) Cell dimensions 1x1x1mm Buffer gas Ar-Ne mixture CPT linewidth 1.2kHz @ 3% contrast (ratio CPT amplitude to optical absorption) S. Knappe et al., submitted to Optics Letters

  9. Laser Performance (table top experiment) Local Oscillator Performance (table top experiment)

  10. Conclusions • Atomic clock (physics package <1cm3 ) operating below 100 mW • Local oscillator consuming 5mW locked to the physics package • Demonstrated 1mm387Rb vapor cell with reduced clock frequency drifts • Reduced clock sensitivity to laser temperature and • LO power changes

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