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Constitutionalism & Republics

Constitutionalism & Republics. APEH, chapter 16. Bellringer. On a separate sheet of paper… Summarize how the Netherland’s gained their independence List four things you know about the development of England. Golden Age of Dutch Republic.

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Constitutionalism & Republics

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  1. Constitutionalism & Republics APEH, chapter 16

  2. Bellringer • On a separate sheet of paper… • Summarize how the Netherland’s gained their independence • List four things you know about the development of England

  3. Golden Age of Dutch Republic • United Provinces of Netherlands became core of modern Dutch state in 1581 • Officially recognized in Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 • Wealthy thanks to Atlantic trade • With independence came internal dissension • Each province had a stadholder(official) responsible for leading an army and attending States General • States General-weakened during wars with France & England • 17th Century wars saw economic decline for Dutch

  4. How did Dutch spend new wealth? • Amsterdam made money from fishing and transporting other countries’ goods • Fluyt-shallowdraft ship of large capacity • Amsterdam became commercial capital of Europe • Built canals • Tall, narrow fronted houses along canals • Became crossroads • Manufacturers, shipyard owners, merchants became top society • Wealthy burghers began to shed Calvinist ways by end of 17th century

  5. ENGLAND • Elizabeth died with no heir • Mary Queen of Scots (Elizabeth’s cousin) was put to death for trying to overthrow Elizabeth • Her son was King of Scotland (James I) • James I (1603-1625) • First Stuart to rule • Believed firmly in DIVINE RIGHT and ABSOLUTE MONARCHY • Trouble with Parliament • Country in debt, viewed as “outsider” from Scotland

  6. James I • Parliament was use to ruling with a “balanced polity” • refused to give money to James • PURITANS: strict Calvinists demanding further reform from Church of England, take power away from Church officials • James I sees Puritans as threat • Refuses most requests of reforms • Gentry: wealthy landowners, also Puritans and large part of House of Commons

  7. ENGLAND • Charles I (1625-1649) • Popular until marrying a Catholic Princess, Louis XIII’s sister, Henrietta • Requested money from Parliament • Parliament refuses unless Charles I signs: • PETITION OF RIGHT: placed limits on king’s power • King can not levy taxes without consent of Parliament • Direct Challenge to Absolutism

  8. Charles I • At first he acquiesced • Taxed without permission • Dismisses Parliament when they become outraged • 1629-1640: Charles ruled without Parliament • Gentry opposed attempts to raise taxes without parliament • Added MORE ritual to church ceremonies- angering puritans

  9. ENGLAND • 1640: Charles I in debt thanks to rebellions in Scotland • Has to reconvene Parliament to ask for money • Long Parliament – didn’t disband for 20 years • Limitation on royal authority • Triennial Act- Parliament must meet at least once every three years

  10. ENGLAND • Puritans moved to abolish the appointment of bishops in Anglican Church • Charles I led troops into House of Commons to arrest Puritan leaders for Treason • Already escaped • Charles’ intentions shown: to take back power • Parliament rises up against king • Charles I supported by people • 1642: Civil War began!

  11. English Civil War (1642-1646) • ROYALISTS: nobles who supported king • ROUNDHEADS: supporters of Parliament • Puritans (New Model Army) • Merchants, some upper classes • Led by: OLIVER CROMWELL

  12. ENGLAND • Royalist Army outmatched • 1646, surrender • Phase Two begins when Charles flees • Oliver Cromwell dismisses all Parliament members who disagree with him • “Rump Parliament”

  13. ENGLAND • Rump Parliament tries Charles I for treason • Charles refuses to recognize Parliament’s authority • 1649: Found guilty, Executed in front of own palace

  14. Lord Protector Cromwell (1649-1653) • House of Commons outlaws House of Lords and Monarchy • England becomes a Commonwealth • Cromwell: “Lord Protector of England, Scotland, Ireland” • Demanded complete obedience • Levellers-demanded freedom of speech, religious toleration, democratic republic

  15. ENGLAND • RESTORATION • Cromwell dies, son weak leader • Parliament reconvenes and vote to bring back monarchy • 1660: Parliament invites Charles’ son to be king

  16. Restoration & Charles II • Charles II (1660-1685) • Supported religious toleration • Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 • “may you have body” • Guarantees right to appear in court to see if accused should be held or released Charles being presented the first pineapple grown in England Columbian Exchange!

  17. ENGLAND • JAMES II • Charles II brother • Had two protestant daughters, Mary and Anne • 1688: James and second wife gave birth to a Catholic son! • GLORIOUS REVOLUTION • 1688: Nobles invited James’ daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to become King & Queen

  18. Glorious Revolution William and Mary Had to sign: ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS: prevents monarchs from levying taxes without Parliament’s consent Creating a: CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY: monarchy limited by law

  19. Response to Revolution Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) John Locke (1632-1794) • Alarmed by revolutionary upheavals • Leviathan (1651) • people are guided by animalistic interests • Government’s role is to be a Leviathan- large sea monster- an absolute, sovereign authority needed to suppress evil • Argued against absolute rule • Two Treatises of Government • Humans have inalienable rights- life, liberty, property • Government is meant to protect rights • If government doesn’t live up to obligations the People have the right o rebel

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