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Air Quality in Beijing, China; Analysis of Tom Cahill, UC Davis (Before and during the Olympics )

Air Quality in Beijing, China; Analysis of Tom Cahill, UC Davis (Before and during the Olympics ). NASA MODIS real color images, NOAA HYSPLIT trajectories, local weather, BBC noon PM 10 (until 8/25), Chaoyang 24 hr PM 10 , July - August, 2008; Google Earth at approximately the same scale

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Air Quality in Beijing, China; Analysis of Tom Cahill, UC Davis (Before and during the Olympics )

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  1. Air Quality in Beijing, China;Analysis of Tom Cahill, UC Davis(Before and during the Olympics ) NASA MODIS real color images, NOAA HYSPLIT trajectories, local weather, BBC noon PM10 (until 8/25),Chaoyang 24 hr PM10,July - August, 2008; Google Earth at approximately the same scale The UC Davis DELTA* Group, http://delta.ucdavis.edu tacahill@ucdavis.edu *Detection and Evaluation of Long-range Transport of Aerosols Note: I posted an incomplete weather/PM10 caption to the MODIS photos August 12, covering August 9 - 11. If you downloaded, please replace with the current corrected data.

  2. Coal deposits in China, sites of most of the coal fired power plants Beijing

  3. Summary: July, 2008;in about ½ of all days, winds were from south of Beijing with the highest pollution level; average = 202.2 g/m3 (max =351 g/m3) • Trajectories from Mongolia, relatively high wind velocities – avg 23.0 g/m3 4 days • Mongolia plus slow SW loop – 69.0 g/m3 1 day • Trajectories south of Beijing, relatively low wind velocities – avg 202.2 g/m3 12 days • Trajectories south and east of Beijing, relatively low wind velocities – avg 96.7 g/m3 4 days • Trajectory SW of Beijing – 105.0 g/m3 1 day • Trajectory NE of Beijing – fast wind velocities 32.0 g/m3 1 day

  4. Pre-controls 124.2 ug/m3 Post-controls 129.3 ug/m3 Olympics 78.4 g/m3 Institution of Chinese controls UN WHO interim goal for developing countries WHO goal

  5. PM10 – BBC noon versus Chaoyang (stadium) 24 hr Since my goal is to explain daytime visibility, I choose the BBC noon readings, usually at minimum RH, so as to avoid nighttime fogs and accelerated particle removal. These ended on August 26. The Chaoyang readings at the stadium are 24 hr. Other readings throughout Beijing are similar to Chaoyang, at the stadium, affirming the regional nature of the haze sulfates (see analysis at end). This also predicts that most of the mass is actually PM2.5, and because these particles are inhalable, subject to a more strict with a US EPA 24 hour value at 35g/m3.

  6. August 8, 2008; T avg =29.7 C, RH avg = 72%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 8.3 km/hr, Visibility = 3.6 km, PM10 = 156 g/m3 Beijing

  7. On Friday, trajectories arrived to Beijing from the south, a highly polluted sector, and at low wind velocities. Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 8 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and 1000 m

  8. August 9, 2008; T avg =29.7 C, RH avg = 75%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 8.0 km/hr, Visibility = 4.2 km, PM10 = 110 g/m3 Beijing

  9. On Saturday, trajectories arrived to Beijing from the south, a highly polluted sector, and at low wind velocities. Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 9 came from for the past 48 hours for trajectories heights of 200, 500, and 1000 m above the ground

  10. August 10, 2008; T avg =25.9 C, RH avg = 88%, rain = 2.1 cm, Vw = 9.6 km/hr, Visibility = 3.4 km, PM10 = 278 g/m3 Beijing

  11. On Sunday trajectories arrived to Beijing from the southeast, a highly polluted sector, and at low wind velocities. Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday came from for the past 48 hours for trajectories heights of 200, 500, and 1000 m above the ground

  12. August 11, 2008; T avg =23.1 C, RH avg = 88%, rain = 2.7 cm, Vw = 8.0. km/hr, Visibility = 9.6 km, PM10 = 54 g/m3 Beijing

  13. On Monday, trajectories arrived to Beijing from the east, an oceanic sector with heavy rain Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday came from for the past 48 hours for trajectories heights of 200, 500, and 1000 m above the ground

  14. August 12, 2008; T avg =25.3 C, RH avg = 81%, rain = 1.6 cm, Vw = 6.4. km/hr, Visibility = 11.0 km, PM10 = 41 g/m3 Beijing

  15. On Tuesday, trajectories arrived to Beijing from the east, an oceanic sector with continuing rain Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 12 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories shown in the lower panel are red 200, blue 500, and 1000 m

  16. August 13, 2008; T avg =26.4 C, RH avg = 82%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 3.2. km/hr, Visibility = 5.1 km, PM10 = 128 g/m3 Beijing

  17. On Wednesday trajectories arrived to Beijing from the southeast, with some oceanic influence, and at low wind velocities. Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 13 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  18. August 14, 2008; T avg =24.2 C, RH avg = 87%, rain = 1.7 cm, Vw = 8.0. km/hr, Visibility = 7.5 km, PM10 = 46 g/m3 Beijing

  19. On Thursday trajectories arrived to Beijing from the east, with some oceanic influence, and at low wind velocities. Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 14 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  20. August 15, 2008; T avg =25.6 C, RH avg = 64%, rain = 0.5 cm, Vw = 8.0. km/hr, Visibility = 17.3 km, PM10 = 12 g/m3 Beijing

  21. On Friday trajectories arrived to Beijing from the northeast, with moderate wind velocities. Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 15 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  22. August 16, 2008; T avg =23.7 C, RH avg = 61%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 8.0. km/hr, Visibility = 29.1 km, PM10 = 7 g/m3 Beijing

  23. On Saturday trajectories arrived to Beijing from the northeast, a clean sector, with high wind velocities. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 16 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  24. August 17, 2008; T avg =21.5 C, RH avg = 84%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 4.8. km/hr, Visibility = 12.3 km, PM10 = 54 g/m3 Beijing

  25. On Sunday trajectories arrived to Beijing from the northeast, a clean sector, at moderate wind velocities. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 17 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  26. August 18, 2008; T avg =23.1 C, RH avg = 73%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 8.0, km/hr, Visibility = 22.4 km, PM10 = 18 g/m3 Beijing

  27. On Monday trajectories arrived to Beijing from the east, a clean sector, with oceanic influence, and at moderate wind velocities. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 18 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  28. August 19, 2008; T avg =29.7 C, RH avg = 75%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 4.8, km/hr, Visibility = 13.6 km, PM10 = 39 g/m3 Beijing

  29. On Tuesday winds arrived at Beijing from the northeast, with a local gyre and low wind velocities. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 19 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  30. August 20, 2008; T avg =25.3 C, RH avg = 75%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 4.8, km/hr, Visibility = 8.8 km, PM10 = 39 g/m3 Beijing

  31. On Wednesday winds arrived to Beijing from the south and southeast, a polluted sector, with a local gyre and low wind velocities. PM10 values are rising and visibility decreasing. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 20 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  32. August 21, 2008; T avg =20.9 C, RH avg = 92%, rain = 0.4 cm, Vw = 8.0, km/hr, Visibility = 5.8 km, PM10 = 56 g/m3 Beijing

  33. On Thursday winds arrived to Beijing from the southeast, a moderately polluted sector with oceanic influences, with wind velocities. PM10 values are rising. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 20 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  34. August 22, 2008; T avg =25.3 C, RH avg = 72%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 6.4, km/hr, Visibility = 7.8 km, PM10 = 21 g/m3 Beijing

  35. On Friday winds arrived to Beijing from the northwest, the cleanest sector, with moderately high wind velocities. PM10 values are low and visibility excellent. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 20 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  36. August 23, 2008; T avg =26.4 C, RH avg = 69%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 4.8, km/hr, Visibility = 15.4 km, PM10 = 12 g/m3 Beijing

  37. On Saturday, winds arrived to Beijing from the west-northwest, the cleanest sector, with moderately high wind velocities. PM10 values are low and visibility excellent. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 20 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  38. August 24, 2008; T avg =26.4 C, RH avg = 62%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 9.6, km/hr, Visibility = 12.8 km, PM10 = 99 g/m3 Beijing

  39. On Sunday winds arrived to Beijing from the west, a moderately polluted sector, with average wind velocities. PM10 values are rising and visibility excellent. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 20 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  40. August 25, 2008; T avg =24.8 C, RH avg = 74%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 6.3, km/hr, Visibility = 8.6 km,PM10 = 70 g/m3 Beijing

  41. On Monday, the first day after the Olympics, winds arrived to Beijing from the south, a highly polluted sector, with average wind velocities. PM10 values are rising and visibility degrading. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 20 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  42. August 26, 2008; T avg =23.9 C, RH avg = 79%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 8.0, km/hr, Visibility = 6.6 km,PM10 = 93 g/m3 Beijing

  43. On Tuesday, after the Olympics, winds arrived to Beijing from the southeast, a moderately polluted sector, with average wind velocities. PM10 values are high and visibility degrading. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 20 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  44. August 27, 2008; T avg =23.1 C, RH avg = 79%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 4.8, km/hr, Visibility = 6.1 km,PM10 = 55 g/m3 PRC Beijing

  45. On Wednesday, after the Olympics, winds arrived to Beijing from the southeast, a moderately polluted sector, with average wind velocities. PM10 values are moderate and visibility degrading. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 20 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  46. August 28, 2008; T avg =24.8 C, RH avg = 79%, rain = 0.0 cm, Vw = 4.8, km/hr, Visibility = 4.5 km,PM10 = na g/m3 PRC Beijing

  47. On Thursdasy, after the Olympics, winds arrived to Beijing from the southeast, a polluted sector, with low wind velocities. PM10 values are high and visibility degrading. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 20 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

  48. August 29, 2008; T avg =23.7 C, RH avg = 88%, rain = 0.9 cm, Vw = 6.4, km/hr, Visibility = 3.5 km, PM10 = 122 g/m3 PRC Beijing

  49. On Friday, after the Olympics, winds arrived to Beijing from the south, a polluted sector, with low wind velocities. PM10 values are very high and visibility degraded. Technical note: Trajectories from the NOAA HYSPLIT model trace where the air arriving in Beijing midday August 20 came from for the past 48 hours. The height of the trajectories are red 200, blue 500, and green 1000 m AGL

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