Bird hearts have how many chambers? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

1. If you have your blood pressure read and it is 115/75, your systolic pressure is 11575190401.5

2. All of the following are function of the circulatory system EXCEPTnutrient and waste transportsynthesis of red and white blood cellsoxygen and carbon dioxide transporttemperature maintenancehormone transport

3. Oxygenated blood leaves the heart via thepulmonary veinpulmonary arteryvena cavaaortarespiratory circuit

4. Water that diffuses out of the blood plasma is returned to the cardiovascular system by the lymphatic systemhepatic portal veinaortamegakaryocytesseptum

5. Materials are exchanged between the blood and the surrounding tissues in thearteriesveinscapillariesall of the abovenone of the above

6. Bird hearts have how many chambers?a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

7. What part of a bird has very few blood vessels, thus they do not need to keep warm.a. just feet/legs b. just bills/beaks c. feet, legs, bills & beaks d. none of the above

8. Polychaetes have a ______________ circulatory system.bloodlessclosedlacunaropen

9. True or False: Arthropods have a closed circulatory system

10. Which vessels have one way valves to keep the blood flowing in one direction?veinsarteriescapillarieslymph vesselsaorta

11. Which of the following is an arthropod that uses tracheae for breathing?earthwormgrasshoppercnidarianplatyhelminthesnematode

12. The lungs are covered with a thin smooth membrane called the pleural membraneplasma membranemeningesmyelin sheathbursa sac

13. In mammals, the site for gas exchange takes place in thebronchibronchiolesalveolidiaphragmtrachea

14. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood attached to hemoglobinbound to oxygendissolved in the plasmaas carbon monoxide in the red blood cellsas bicarbonate (carbonic acid) in the red blood cells

15. The respiratory control center of humans is located in the blood-brain barrieralveolierythrocytesbrainstem (medulla oblongata)trachea

16. Which of the following respiratory systems is most efficient at obtaining oxygen from the surrounding environment?mammal lungsreptile lungsamphibian lungsbird lungsfish gills

17. The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphereis about 78.1%is about 21.0 %is about .03 %varies depending on the altitudevaries depending on the amount of air in the atmosphere

18. When an amphibian’s jaw drops and forms a vacuum for air to rush in its calledbuccopharyngeal respirationcutaneous respirationbuccal pumping

19. Gas exchange between the blood of horseshoe crabs and seawater occurs throughfilamentous gillsbook lungsalveolar lungsbook gillsdermal branchiae

20. Exchange of gases in Cnidarians usually occurs by the process ofmeiosisrespirationdiffusionosmosis

21. During muscle contraction, which of the following shortens?Z linesSarcomereActin and myosinAll of the aboveNone of the above

22. Muscles are connected to bones bycross-bridgesligamentstendonssuturesmarrow

23. When muscles contract, which bones move?bones attached to the insertion end of the musclesbones attached to the origin end of the musclesany bones attached anywhere to the musclesnone; muscles can’t move bonesall of the above

24. Which of the following is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?pectoral girdlepelvic girdleclaviclecraniumall of the above are appendicular

25. What is attached to Z lines in a sarcomere?myosin headsactin filamentsmyosin tailscross-bridgesneurons

26. The fastest and strongest fish have the most muscularcaudal pedunclepectoral and pelvic finsclaspersoperculum

27. Turbellarians glide over substrates using _________ and muscular undulations.ciliaparapodiapseudopodiaflagella

28. The ___________ serves as an inlet into the water vascular system of a sea star. Tiedemann bodyPolian vesicleRadial canalMadreporiteRing canal

29. Of the following structures found in sea stars, which one is also present in brittle stars?pedicellariaetube feetdermal branchiaeaboral madreporiteampullae

30. The crustacean abdominal appendages that are used for swimming are calledscaphopodsperiopodspleopodsmaxillipedschilipeds

31. Nerve impulses are normally carried toward a neuron cell body by the neuron’s synaptic cleftaxonmyelin sheathhormonesdendrites

32. Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles at the cell bodydendritecell nucleuspostsynaptic membranepresynaptic membrane

33. In humans and other primates, the hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected by a nerve tract called the ponsnerve netthalamuscerebral cortexcorpus callosum

34. Which of the following should have the slowest conduction velocity?a myelinated, large diameter nervea myelinated, small diameter nervean unmyelinated, large diameter nervean unmyelinated, small diameter nervethey would all have the same

35. Polychaetes have a specialized structure, the _____________, which is dorsal and anterior to the mouth and is sensory in function.gnathostomeprostomiumperistomiumprotostomepygidium

36. Sensory receptors called __________ occur in the arthropod exoskeleton in the form of pegs, bristles, and lenses.sensillatactilesolfactors cirripalps

37. Caecilians rely the most on which sensesightsmell/tastehearingtouching

38. The junction between a neuron and its target cell is called a synapseneurotransmitternode of Ranvierthresholdvoltage-gated channel

39. The role of the Na/K pump in the nervous system is tomaintain proper ionic concentration gradients across the neuron membranegenerate the nerve impulse when the neuron is stimulatedtransmit the nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft between neuronsprovide a source of Na and K by splitting NaCl and other appropriate molecules

40. The myelin sheath is formed by ______, which wrap around the axons of some neurons.Schwann cellscell bodiesNodes of Ranvierdendritessynapses

41. Osmoregulation is a major function of the kidneys and what other structure in fishskinrectal glandsgillsfins

42. __________ are the excretory organs of most polychaetes.ChlorogoguesMetanephridiaOsphradiaNuchal glandsOmmatidia

43. The tube that leads from the kidney to the bladder is called the loop of Henlecollecting ductsnephronureter

44. Aquatic organisms that are hypoosmotic relative to the surrounding water tend to gain water from the environmentgain salts from the environmentboth of the abovenone of the above

45. Marine reptiles eliminate excess salts through theirsalt glands in their headskidneysgeneral body surface (skin)all of the abovenone of the above

46. Freshwater fish excreteammoniauric acidureaall of the above

47. While aquatic arachnids utilize coxal glands for excretion, most terrestrial forms use _____________ ___________ which conserves water.nephridia tubesmalpighian tubulesdiffusion glandsgreen glandsantennal glands

48. Contractile vacuoles in freshwater protozoans function toremove excess waterremove the nitrogen wastescapture preyincrease the efficiency movementdestroy bacteria

49. The osmoregulatory organs of turbellarians are calledkidneysmetanephridiaprotonephridiacontractile vacuoles

50. Filtrate moves into the Bowman’s capsule from the collecting ductglomerulusloop of Henleproximal convoluted tubuledistal convoluted tubule