Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases ( Non-Communicable)

Lifestyle/ChronicDiseases ( Non-Communicable) Unit 8 In The Book Page 514

Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases - diseases caused by lifestyle choices, genetics, and/or environment and not communicable.

Cardiovascular Diseasesp.515 Heart Diseases- any disease of the heart muscle or other working parts of the heart. Coronary Heart Disease- A disease in which the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked. • Coronary Artery- is a blood vessel that carries blood/ oxygen to feed heart muscles. • Plaque- mixture of fatty deposits with minerals that builds up on blood vessel walls.

Cardiovascular Disease- disease of the heart & blood vessels, such as congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease & stroke. Factors which could lead to CVD -gender, heredity, smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, poor diet, diabetes, obesity, lack of exercise & stress. Prevention - avoid saturated fats, eat plenty of fruits, vegetables and fiber, & exercise.

Types of Diabetes523 Insulin- Glucose-

Heart Attack(Myocardial Infarction) P. 517 • the event in which blood vessels that feed the heart muscle become blocked and the heart does not receive oxygen.

Blood Vessels • Arteries- carry blood away from the heart, largest blood vessels with thick muscular walls. • Veins- carry blood towards the heart. • Capillaries- connect arteries to veins, smallest of the blood vessels.

Blood Clots Thrombus- a stationary clot in the blood. ex. Coronary Thrombus Embolus- a traveling blood clot. Aneurysm- the ballooning out of an artery at a point where it has become weak. Hemorrhage- the breaking of an artery wall at a point where it has grown weak.

Aneurysm Hemorrhage

Atherosclerosisp.516 • a disease in which plaque collects on artery walls. • It worsens hypertension and makes blood clots likely. • Can cause blockage of arteries that feed critical organs, such as the heart and brain. Arteriosclerosis- tends to occur naturally as people age.

Other Types of Heart Diseasep.515 Congenital- “born with” Murmur- a heart sound that reflects damaged or abnormal heart valves. Pacemaker- a device that is implanted in the heart to stimulate normal heart contractions.

Rheumatic Fever- occurs chiefly in children and teens and includes inflammation of the heart valves. Symptoms- painful swollen joints, skin rashes Prevention- prompt treatment of Strep throat

Blood Pressurep.519 Hypertension- high blood pressure, “silent Killer”, if untreated can result in kidney damage, stroke, and heart attack. Can be hereditary. • systolic- contraction, highest pressure measured ( good BP) • diastolic- relaxation 140/90 ( High BP) Prehypertension- Stage I- Stage II- Sphygmomanometer- used to measure BP

High Cholesterol • Below 200 milligrams per deciliter is desirable Two types 1. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) 2. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)

LDL • Bad • Builds up on artery walls • LDL levels should be below 130 mg/dl • Helps lead to atherosclerosis

HDL • Good • Takes fat out of blood, takes excess cholesterol to liver to be disposed of. • HDL levels should be above 45 mg/dl

StrokeP. 516 • a condition caused by a blocked or broken blood vessel in the brain, basically shutting off all blood flow/ oxygen to the brain. Causes: Thrombus, Embolus, Hemorrhage, Aneurysm, compression from a tumor.

Symptoms of a Stroke • Sudden weakness, numbness, tingling • headaches • Loss of speech, slurred speech • Dizziness, unsteadiness • Dimness, loss of vision, blurred vission • Paralysis • Disability or death In a major stroke, part of the brain will die causing mental & physical damage & loss of functioning.

Diagnosis & TreatmentP. 520 Electro-Cardiogram- Cardiac Catheterization- Stress Test- Echocardiogram- Nuclear Stress Test- Angioplasty- Stent-

CancerP. 531 -An uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells which spreads into surrounding tissue and other body parts.

Tumor P.531 Tumor- an abnormal mass of tissue that can live and reproduce itself, but performs no service to the body. Benign- non-cancerous, does not spread to other parts of the body. Can be removed surgically, rarely causes harm. Malignant- is a cancerous tumor, that may spread to other parts of the body.

Stages P.531 Metastasis- is the spread of cancer. “In Situ”- cancer not spreading, in its original location.

How Cancer Develops • Exposure to Carcinogen or initiator (risk factor) • Initiator enters cell • Cells’ genetic material changes • Promoter may be present • Multiplication of cells • Tumors develop • Malignant tumor grows & spreads to surrounding tissue • Metastasis occurs

Warning signs of Cancerp.534 C A U T I O N

Most Common CancerP.535 Skin Cancer- overexposure to the sun for many years, most easily detected because it is plainly visible. Malignant Melanoma- most dangerous Basal Cell Carcinoma- most common

Common CancersP.532 & 533 Male- lung, colon-rectum, prostate Female- lung, breast, colon-rectum, uterus Initiators (Causes): Promoter- speeds up process of cancer development 1.Heredity(lung,colon,rectal,breast,uterine) 2.Carcinogens 3.Radiation 4.Viruses 5.Lack of Exercise or Poor Diet

Tobacco Free Lifestyle UV Radiation Dietary Guidelines Desirable Weight Avoid Alcohol Chemicals/Air Pollution Avoid STD’s Important in Cancer Prevention Early detection Self examination Doctor exam Good diet (antioxidants, high in fiber, variety of foods) Reducing Your Risk of CancerP.534

Statistics According to the U.S. Center for Cancer Statistics: the leading cancer found in males, regardless of race, is prostate cancer. For females, it is breast cancer. There are 1.5 times more African-American males with prostate cancer than Caucasian males. Breast cancer is 20% higher in Caucasian females than in African-American females.

Treatment ApproachesP. 536 • Surgery- most common • Radiation Therapy- uses radiation to kill or damage cancer cells • Chemotherapy- anticancer drugs • Immunotherapy- immune system stimulated to fight cancer cells

Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases ( Non-Communicable)