Non-communicable diseases

1. Non-communicable diseases Chronic diseases

2. Non-communicable diseases • Non-Communicable Disease – a disease that is not transmitted by another person, environment, or vector (something that carries it like a mosquito, rats) • Types of Non-Communicable Diseases • Cardiovascular Disease -- Cancer • Allergies -- Asthma • Diabetes -- Arthritis • Are you at risk? http://www.walgreens.com/marketing/library/healthrisk/default.jsp • Fill out Health Risk Assessment

3. Allergies: a specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently harmless substance • Diagnosis: blood tests, skin tests, self diagnosis • Risk Factors: being around substances that are allergens- pollen, dust, foods, mold, spores, chemicals, insect venom, animal dander, medications • Short Term Effects: hives, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing or swallowing, swelling, drop in blood pressure

4. Allergies cont. • Long Term Effects: can be life threatening if difficulty breathing or swelling isn’t under control. • Treatment: take antihistamines (medications that help control allergy symptoms) • Prevention Strategy: avoid the allergen that causes the problem, long term allergy shots

5. Asthma:condition in which the small airways in the lungs become narrowed and cause difficulty breathing • Diagnosis: talk to your doctor about your symptoms, listen to the lungs, peak flow meter test (breathe into a machine and it can tell how much air you’re getting in and out of your lungs) • Risk Factors: triggers include air pollen, exercise, pet dander, tobacco smoke, mold, pollen, & dust • Short Term Effects: coughing, particularly at night or early in the morning, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, anxiety or restlessness

6. Asthma cont. • Long Term Effects: permanent damage or changes to lung tissues • Treatment: The goals of asthma treatment include: • few daytime symptoms • no nighttime awakenings due to asthma • able to keep up normal activity and exercise levels • normal lung function • prevent flare-ups and the need for emergency room visits or hospitalization • minimize use of quick-relief medications • few to no side effects from medication • Prevention Strategy: avoid triggers where possible, use a long acting medication to control asthma

7. Arthritis:diseases that cause pain and loss of movement in the joints • Diagnosis: blood tests, X-rays • Risk Factors: can be genetic, repetitive movements, constant use of the joint • Short Term Effects: aches and pain when moving joints, inflammation, swelling, stiffness

8. Arthritis cont. • Long Term Effects: joint deformity, loss of cartilage in joint, need for replacement surgeries • Treatment: medication, exercise, rest, joint protection, physical therapy • Prevention Strategy: control your weight, be active, prevent injuries

9. Cardiovascular Disease: disease that effects the heart and/or blood vessels • Diagnosis: • Hypertension=high blood pressure, • Atherosclerosis= build up of plaque on artery walls, • Angina Pectoris= chest pain from lack of oxygen to the heart, • Arrhythmias= irregular heartbeats, • Heart Attack= reduced or blocked blood supply damages heart muscle, • Congestive Heart Failure= heart gets so weak it cannot continue to pump at the right speed or with enough force, • Stroke= interrupted blood flow to the brain • Risk Factors: • Controllable • Tobacco Use • High Blood Pressure • High Cholesterol • Lack of Physical Activity • Excess Weight • Stress • Drug and/or Alcohol Use • Uncontrollable • Heredity • Gender (Men have higher risk) • Age (>65)

10. Cardiovascular Disease cont. • Short Term effects: chest pain, clogged arteries, difficulty breathing, difficulty exercising, sweating, dizzy • Long Term effects: irreversible damage to heart muscle and arteries, progression from one CVD to another, difficulty speaking or moving part of the body, need a pacemaker or surgery, death • Treatment: diet, exercise, medication, surgery, physical therapy • Prevention Strategies: eat right, exercise, get a yearly physical exam

11. Cardiovascular Disease Facts • 61 million Americans have some form of the disease • Responsible for more than 40% of all deaths in the US • Approximately 1 million Americans die each year from the disease • CVD kills 500,000 women and 450,000 men • # 1 killer of both men and women • 1 in 2 women die from CVD • (1 in 23 women die from breast cancer) • Men: 30% chance of dying from 1st Heart Attack • Women: 50% chance of dying from 1st HA • Of those who survive their 1st heart attack: • Men: 25% will die within the first year • Women: 38% will die within the first year • Those disabled by heart failure after heart attack • Men: 22% • Women: 46%

12. Heart attack • What cause a heart attack? • Occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked • Usually caused by a blood clot • This happens because coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart with blood, slowly become thicker and harder from buildup of fat, cholesterol and other substances called plaque. • Early signs of a heart attack • Uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain in the center of your chest(lasts more than a few minutes) • Pain or discomfort in one or both arms, your back, neck, jaw, or stomach • Shortness of breath with or without chest pain

13. Stroke • 2 types of strokes • Ischemic (clots) • Occurs as a result of an obstruction within a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain. (87% of stroke cases) • Hemorrhagic • Occurs when a weakened blood vessel ruptures. • Most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke is uncontrolled hypertension (high blood pressure) • Signs of stroke • SUDDEN numbness or weakness in face, arm, leg – especially on one side of the body • SUDDEN confusion, trouble speaking or understanding • SUDDEN trouble seeing in one or both eyes

14. Cancer: uncontrolled growth of mutated cells in the body • Diagnosis: a blood test, self-exam, mammogram, x-ray, MRI, CT scan, biopsy (removal of a small piece of tissue to be examined under a microscope), PET scan, and other tests will show the existence of cancerous cells or a tumor (mass of tissue that has no natural function in the body.) • Benign Tumor – noncancerous • Malignant Tumor – cancerous • Risk Factors: exposure to carcinogens (cancer causing substances), smoking, radiation, STI’s, poor diet, overexposure to the sun,

15. Cancer cont. • Short Term effects: fever, pain, discoloration of the skin, unusual bleeding or discharge, indigestion, cough, trouble swallowing, sores that won’t heal, lumps • Long Term effects: Metastasis – spread of cancer from it’s origin to other parts of the body forming new tumors. This growth interferes with normal function of the organs and body tissues. • Treatment: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy • Prevention Strategies: wear sunscreen, avoid tobacco and alcohol, exercise, conduct regular self exams, have a regular medical check up, practice abstinence

16. TYPES OF CANCER

17. Cancer The CAUTION method for Detecting Cancer • C – change in bowel or bladder habits • A – a sore that does not heal • U – unusual bleeding or discharge • T – thickening or lump in the breasts or elsewhere • I – indigestion or difficulty in swallowing • O – obvious change in wart or mole • N – nagging cough or hoarseness

18. Protect yourself from skin cancer • Choose your cover • Seek Shade • Whenever possible, avoid the midday sun when UV rays are the strongest and do the most damage. • Use your head • Not all sun protection comes in a bottle. So it’s smart to use your head when you’re out in the sun. Up to 80% of skin cancers occur on the head and neck. Use a wide brimmed hat. • Shield your skin • Use a shirt, beach cover-up, pants to cover yourself when outside. Keep in mind t-shirts usually have an SPF that is much lower than the recommended SPF 15 • Grab your shades • Sunglasses protect the tender skin around the eyes and reduce the risk of developing cataracts.

19. Diabetes- a disease in which the body is unable to process the sugar in foods in normal ways. • Type 1 diabetes: the pancreas produces little to no insulin, must have daily injections of insulin • Type 2 diabetes: the pancreas produces some insulin, but the body cells are not able to properly use it. People control this type of diabetes with diet and exercise. Some take oral medication. • Diagnosis: several different kinds of blood tests to test your insulin levels, oral glucose test where you drink a special sweet drink and have a blood test 2 hours later. • Risk Factors: Type 1: age, family history, pancreas disease. Type 2: weight, diet, lack of activity • Short Term Effects: • Frequent urination • Abnormal thirst • Weakness • Fatigue • Drowsiness • Blurred vision • Tingling and numbness in hands and feet • Slow healing of cuts

20. Diabetes cont. • Long Term Effects: • Glaucoma- eye disease • Kidney failure • Poor circulation to hands and feet leading to amputation • Heart disease • Increased risk for stroke • Treatment: eat right, exercise, monitor your blood sugar regularly, take the medications you’re prescribed • Prevention Strategy: Type 1 cannot be prevented. Type 2 can be prevented by eating right, exercising, and losing weight

21. Famous people with diabetes • Halle Barry • Elizabeth Taylor • Aretha Franklin • Nick Jonas • Joe Fraizer • Thomas Edison • Dick Clark • Jerry Lewis • Larry King • Andrew Lloyd Webber • Joe Gibbs • Art Shell • Jay Cutler • Randy Jackson • Salma Hayek • Bret Michaels • Mary Tyler Moore • Elliot Yamin • Patti LaBelle