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Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases

Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases. Definitions . Communicable disease : a disease that can be spread to a person from another person, an animal or object. Ex: common cold, influenza, mononucleosis, etc.

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Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases

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  1. Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases

  2. Definitions • Communicable disease: a disease that can be spread to a person from another person, an animal or object. Ex: common cold, influenza, mononucleosis, etc. • Non-communicable disease: a disease that can NOT be spread from person to person. Ex: cancer, heart disease, cirrhosis, etc.

  3. Definitions Continued • Disease: Any condition that interferes with the normal or proper functioning of the body or mind. • Germs: The microorganisms that cause diseases. They are so small they can only be seen through a microscope.

  4. Four Types of Pathogens: Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi & Protozoa • Virus:smallest simplest life form. Not alive, and cause upper respiratory infections and many other type of diseases. • Bacteria:simple one-celled organisms. They are everywhere. Not all bacteria is bad. • Fungi:more complex than bacteria, but cannot make their own food. Thrive in warm, moist environments. • Protozoa: one celled, animal like organisms.

  5. How are pathogens spread? • Direct Contact: hands and skin ex: pinkeye • Indirect Contact: coughs, sneezes, expelling pathogens in the air ex: flu • Contact with animals or insects – animal and insect bites ex: Lyme’s disease (ticks) – chills, fever, headaches, discomfort, a skin eruption, and inflammation with swelling of the joints. • Other contacts such as contaminated food or water. Ex: Salmonellosis – infection of the digestive tract. Sharp pain, fever, and bloody, watery diarrhea that occur 6 to 48 hours after eating. Nausea and vomiting are common.

  6. Good way to reduce spread of pathogens? • WASH YOUR HANDS FREQUENTLY!!! • Watch people who make your food –did they wash THEIR hands???

  7. Immune System • The Immune System is a combination of body defenses made up of cells, tissues, and organs that fight pathogens in the body. • It’s purpose is to help you get better when you are ill and to prevent you from becoming ill in the first place.

  8. How does our body protect us from pathogens? • Our body is an amazing machine which has five main barriers (first line of defense) for keeping our body healthy. They are: • 1. Skin – acts as a protective barrier • 2. Mucous Membranes – line the mouth, nose, throat, eyes and other body parts. These trap germs. Coughing and sneezing gets rid of the germs trapped by these mucus membranes. • 3. Saliva – contains chemicals that destroy many harmful organisms. • 4. Tears – wash away germs. Contains chemicals that kill some harmful organisms. • 5. Stomach Acid – acid kills many germs!

  9. Antigens and Antibodies • What’s the difference between the two? • Antigens: a substance that sends your immune system into action when your body is invaded by pathogens. The body sees these as “invaders”. • Antibodies: proteins that attach to antigens, keeping them from harming the body. How our body responds to antigens, by producing antibodies – our body’s “army of soldiers”.

  10. Immune System’s General Reactions • Phagocytes – special white blood cells that attack the invading germs. They surround the pathogen and destroy them.

  11. Interferon • Chemical substance that stops viruses from reproducing.

  12. Fever • Rising body temperature makes it difficult for some microorganisms to reproduce. Ex. Boiling water when camping to kill bacteria.

  13. Lymphatic System – fights against specific. It is a secondary circulatory system that helps the body fight pathogens and maintains its fluid balance. • Macrophages – surround and destroy foreign substances in the body. Once destroyed, they help the lymphocytes identify it.

  14. Lymphocytesspecial white blood cells in the lymph. • 3 Types of Lymphocytes • B cells – form in the bone marrow. Search out, identify, and bind with specific intruders, allergens or antigens. • T cells – form in the thymus gland. They divide rapidly, destroy foreign protein. • NK “natural killers” cells. Attack cancers and viruses.

  15. Immunity – is your body’s ability to resist the pathogens that cause a particular disease. • Vaccine – is a preparation of dead or weakened germs that is injected into the body to cause the immune system to produce antibodies.

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