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ANOTHER IDEOLOGY OF LAND RECLAMATION

ANOTHER IDEOLOGY OF LAND RECLAMATION. Ch ôgen, Ôbe Estate, and Sayama Pond Ôyama Kyôhei Kyôto University . 1. Estates and Villages. Ch ôgen restored Ôbe estate in Harima & Sayama (irrigation) pond in Kawachi A study of Ôbe estate enables understanding of shôen system

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ANOTHER IDEOLOGY OF LAND RECLAMATION

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  1. ANOTHER IDEOLOGY OF LAND RECLAMATION Chôgen, Ôbe Estate, and Sayama Pond Ôyama Kyôhei Kyôto University 1

  2. Estates and Villages • Chôgen restored Ôbe estate in Harima & Sayama (irrigation) pond in Kawachi • A study of Ôbe estate enables understanding of shôen system • A study of Sayama pond illuminates medieval villages & their religious life 2

  3. Restoration of Sayama Pond, 1202 • 50 villages used Sayama pond for irrigation • They asked Chôgen to repair it Sayama Pond & the villages it served (from Ôyama Kyôhei, Nihon chûsei no mura to kamigami, Iwanami shoten 2012) 3

  4. Chôgen & Sayama Pond: Evidence • Stone stele records Chôgen’s restoration of pond • Stele refers to villages, not estates • Village was setting for people’s daily lives • (As opposed to estate which was political unit) • Chôgen participated in people’s daily lives 4

  5. History of Sayama Pond • Aqueduct made of cedar logged in 616 shows it existed in 7th century • Restored by Chôgen in 1202 & again in 1608 by Hideyoshi’s retainer • Location of 7th & 17th century aqueducts indicate that water flowed in same direction during both periods • 1608: 70-80 villages shared water from the pond--from Kawachi, Settsu, & Izumi, as in Chôgen’s day 5

  6. Jôdoji on Ôbe Estate • Jôdoji: 1 of 7 autonomous temples established by Chôgen • Supported by lands on eastern portion of estate (middle terrace) • Lower terrace to west: developed much earlier using Kako river water • Chôgen developed middle terrace & made it into Jôdoji territory • Lower terrace controlled by Tôdaiji 6

  7. Sayama restored by labor of “clergy and laypersons, men and women, novices and children, beggars and outcastes” (from Chôgen’s stone stele, 1202) People from bottom of society--beggars & outcastes--participated Old stone coffins from burial mounds were linked to form aqueducts Stonemasons from China were associated with Chôgen Restoring Sayama Pond 7

  8. Chôgen’s Good Works • Chôgen left his mark on: • Tôdaiji • Heian-kyô, Iga province, Inland Sea region from Settsu to Suô: partly through his 7 autonomous temples • His influence extended to rest of E. Asia • His “good works” intended to advance goal of peace & tranquillity in the realm 8

  9. Chôgen & Shingon Esotericism • Sayama stele includes Sanskrit characters representing 5 elements & mantra of light • Basis of his thought: Shingon esotericism and its practical spirit • Enlightened ideology at dawn of medieval age--> Chôgen’s public works projects 9

  10. Monks and Public Works Projects • As daikanjin, Chôgen solicited donations for Sayama pond restoration • Assisted by Ban Amida Butsu, who was active on Mt. Kôya’s holding Ôta estate in Bingo province • Similar figures, e.g. Mongaku (Kaseda estate in Kii province) • Such religious figures embody an ideology of land reclamation 10

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