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South Asia in the World

South Asia in the World. November 29, 2012. Review. What is a yangban? What sort of government did Chosŏn Korea have? Were there any major urban commercial centres in Chosŏn Korea? What is han ’ gŭl?. Foreign relations of Chosŏn.

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South Asia in the World

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  1. South Asia in the World • November 29, 2012

  2. Review • What is a yangban? • What sort of government did Chosŏn Korea have? • Were there any major urban commercial centres in Chosŏn Korea? • What is han’gŭl?

  3. Foreign relations of Chosŏn • A faithful tributary partner of China, even after the Manchu replaced the Ming (even though Koreans considered the Manchu to be barbarians). Koreans continued to respect the Ming even after the Ming fell. • Wary of Japan, because of pirates. Japan invaded in the 1590s. • The Hideyoshi invasions of Korea in the 1590s triggered Ming intervention on Korea’s behalf because of the tributary ties between Korea and the Ming. The Ming army joined forces with the Korean navy under the command of Yi Sunsin (p. 246) to halt the Japanese advance. • How did Yi Sunsin defeat the Japanese navy? (p. 246)

  4. Religion in Chosŏn • shamanism and animism--the indigenous religion of Korea. Quite different from Shinto--some Korean shamans are possessed by spirits of ancestors and great men from the past. Most shamans are women. • Buddhism --Mahayana Buddhism, just as in China. However, Buddhism was pushed out of the capital into the countryside. (Neo-Confucianism saw Buddhism as waste to time, money, and human resources.) • Neo-Confucianism: provided metaphysical support for Confucian ethics. (Ebrey, p. 292) Adopted from China. • What was the Korean attitude toward Wang Yangming? (p. 244)

  5. India and the world • Remember that India doesn’t have the same clear borders it has today. In fact, borders in most of the world before the modern area were more fuzzy than clear. • Also don’t think of South Asian civilization as static and uniform. It changed over time, and it varied from place to place. In particular, we can notice differences among northern India, southern India, and Ceylon.

  6. Ceylon • Two separate ethnic groups, the Sinhalese (speaking an Indo-European language) and the Tamils (speaking a Dravidian language) have shared the island, often fighting for control. • The Sinhalese have held onto Buddhism, while the Tamils are ardent Hindus. • Zheng He captured one king in Ceylon and took him back to China, allowing another king to assert control over the entire island, something that didn’t happen very often.

  7. South Asia and Central Asia • Peoples from Central Asia sometimes invaded India and settled down. The Aryans are one example. The Yuezhi, who founded the Kushan Empire, are another (p. 65) The Kushan Empire had an impact on not only South Asian history but on Chinese history as well (p. 129)

  8. South Asia and East Asia • There was a vibrant trade along the silk road between China and South Asia. China got cotton textiles from India, and India got silk from China. • There were also some travellers along that road. Chinese monks traveled to India. And Indian astronomers traveled to China. • What was the impact on China of the introduction of the phonetic script of Sanskrit? (p. 131)

  9. South Asia and Southeast Asia • What sorts of goods from South Asia were sold to Southeast Asians? (p. 132) • Was there a mass migration of people from South Asia to Southeast Asia? (p. 133) • Why was Vietnam more influenced by China, while the rest of Southeast Asia was more influenced by South Asia? (p. 134)

  10. South Asia and the West • The monsoon winds blow eastward in summer and westward in the winter, providing ways for sailors to move across the Indian Ocean and the Arabian sea. • We have evidence of trade between Rome and South Asia. • Until the 1500s, trade between South Asia and Europe mostly used Arabs as intermediaries. • What did South Asians want from the West? (p. 138)

  11. Summarizing the course • We have seen how neolithic communities evolved into states (usually monarchies), and then in some regions empires emerged. Most of them are predatory governments. • We have seen how trade across Asia brought cultural change and interchange. • We have seen the emergence of the Sinographic sphere and the Sanskrit sphere, and we have seen the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire. We have also seen the emergence of vernacular scripts.

  12. Summarizing the Course • We have seen the emergence of world religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism, (Theravada, Mahayana, and Tibetan), of the transnational philosophy of Confucianism, and of the local religions of Daoism and Shinto. • We have seen different social hierarchies emerging, stimulated and justified by religions and philosophies

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