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African American Civil Rights

African American Civil Rights. 13 th Amendment. Adopted in 1865, eight months after the war ended, the amendment forbade slavery in the United States . . 14 th Amendment. Citize n.

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African American Civil Rights

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  1. African American Civil Rights

  2. 13thAmendment

  3. Adopted in 1865, eight months after the war ended, the amendment forbade slavery in the United States.

  4. 14thAmendment

  5. Citizen

  6. Citizenship for African Americans; that all citizens were entitled to equal rights regardless of their race, and their rights were protected by due process of the law

  7. 15th Amendment

  8. One of three amendments to the U.S. Constitution passed during the era of Reconstruction, granted black men the right to vote

  9. Brown v. Board of Education

  10. Argued by Thurgood Marshall in 1954, challenged the “separate-but-equal” philosophy which fostered inadequate educational systems for blacks. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools was prohibited by the U.S. Constitution.

  11. Plessy v. Ferguson

  12. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states can constitutionally enact legislation requiring persons of different races to use “separate but equal” segregated facilities

  13. Edgewood ISD v Kirby

  14. A landmark case concerning public school finance and discrimination against students in poor school districts; this Texas case led to the decision to redistribute property taxes from wealthy school districts to poorer ones (1993).

  15. Sweatt v Painter

  16. A young black man was refused admission to the University of Texas Law School. The State of Texas delayed 6 months in order to create a “separate” black law school in Houston. Later the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the Texas Supreme Court ruling allowing this action. The U.S. Supreme Court said the separation was illegal because the school was not equal due to the Equal Protection Clause.

  17. Martin Luther King Jr.

  18. Leader of the Civil Rights Movement; preached nonviolent approach and demanded equal rights for African Americans

  19. Rosa Parks

  20. African American civil rights activist; in Montgomery, Alabama (1955), she refused to give up her seat on the city bus for a white man; led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott

  21. Democratic process

  22. Refers to a process of active citizen participation either directly or through elected representatives

  23. Lobbying

  24. The act of persuading legislators to vote for legislation that favors an advocacy group.

  25. Litigations

  26. The act or process of bringing or contesting a legal action in court.

  27. George Wallace

  28. Governor of Alabama; ran for U.S. President four times; fierce pro-segregationist; quote from his inaugural address, “I say segregation today, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever”

  29. Orval Faubus

  30. Governor of Arkansas; best known for his stand in the desegregation of Little Rock High School where he ordered Arkansas National Guard to stop African American students from entering the school

  31. Lester Maddox

  32. Governor of Georgia; former restaurant owner who refused to serve African Americans; ran for governor though he had not held a public office before

  33. Status quo

  34. The existing condition or state of affairs

  35. Thurgood Marshall

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