American Civil rights movements

1. American Civil rights movements

2. Vocabulary to know • Segregation: The practice of separating people of different races, classes, or ethnic groups. • Integration: The action of incorporating a racial or religious group into a community. • Discrimination: Treatment against a person based on the group, class, or category which that person belongs rather than on individual merit. • Prejudice: An unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge, thought, or reason.

3. Civil rights movements • 1950s - 1960s • Goal: to remove discrimination on the basis of race, gender or disability.

4. African American Civil Rights MovementThe Chicano MovementAmerican Indian MovementWomen’s Rights MovementAmericans with Disabilities

5. Civil Rights Movement • The Civil Rights Movement = Events and reform movements aimed at abolishing public and private acts of racial discrimination against African Americans between 1954 to 1968, particularly in the southern United States.

6. Civil Rights Movement • Main Events: • 1954 – Brown vs. Board of Education • Thurgood Marshall, an African American attorney brought a case against segregation in schools. Supreme court ruled segregation of schools in unconstitutional The Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education integrated the schools. Here, the first day of desegregation, on Sept. 8, 1954, at Fort Myer Elementary School in Fort Myer, Va.

7. Civil Rights Movement • Main Events Continued… • December 1955 – Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus; Montgomery Bus Boycott was formed until buses were integrated in 1956 • Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. emerged as a leader of the movement during the bus boycotts; preached non-violence and civil disobedience

8. Civil Rights Movement • Main Events Continued… • Sit-In Movement – started by students in Greensboro, North Carolina. Protesters would show up where they were not allowed and refuse to leave

9. Civil Rights Movement • Main Events Continued… • Little Rock Nine was a group of African American students who were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. • Caused the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansas Governor • Allowed to attend after the intervention of President Eisenhower, who sent federal troops to enforce integration and protect the nine students.

10. The Little rock nine

11. Civil Rights Movement • Noted achievements: • Brown v. Board of Education (1954) case that overturned the legal doctrine of “separate but equal" and made segregation legally impermissible • Civil Rights Act of 1964 which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics illegal • Voting Rights Act of 1965 that restored voting rights • Civil Rights Acts of 1968 that banned discrimination in the sale or rental of housing

12. The Chicano Movement • Also known as the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement • 1940s – growing Hispanic population sought equal rights, heightened political activism and cultural pride • 1960s - Migrant workers, led by Cesar Chavez, formed United Farm Workers (UFW) to fight for better wages and working conditions • Other groups organized to fight discrimination secure equal rights and elect Hispanics into government posts. • Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF), founded in 1968

13. The Chicano Movement • League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) formed in 1929 • won federal court cases guaranteeing Hispanic Americans the right to serve on juries (Hernandez vs. the State of Texas) and attend de-segregated schools (Mendez vs. Westminster)

14. American Indian Movement - AIM • 1968 – Indian Civil Rights Act passed; protected the constitutional rights of all Native Americans • Laws then recognized the right of Native Americans to make their own laws on their own reservations. • American Indian Movement (AIM) formed • February 1973 – members of AIM seized Wounded Knee, South Dakota (Sioux Reservation). • siege focused national attention on the terrible poverty and living conditions of Native Americans.

15. American Indian Movement • AIM’s Achievements: • led protests advocating Indigenous American interests • inspired cultural renewal • monitored police activities • coordinated employment programs in cities and in rural reservation communities

16. Women’s Rights Movement • 1966 – National Organization for Women (NOW) formed • This movement deals with the issues of gender equality • Examples: • Ability to have careers in addition to motherhood • The right to choose not to have children • Equality in the workplace

17. Women’s Rights Movement Today • Feminists continue fighting conditions which they perceive as oppressive to women. • In more or less all areas of the world, women still earn less than men on average, and hold less political and economic power. They are paid less than men for equivalent work on a significant scale. • Feminists believe that women are often the subject of intense social pressure to conform to relatively traditional gender expectations.

18. Americans with Disabilities • Disability : a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity. • 1960s -1970s, people with disabilities sought equal treatment • Gains: • Removal of barriers that prevented access to public facilities • More opportunities for disabled peoples in the workplace • Rights of children with disabilities to equal education opportunities • Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)