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Chordates An Introduction

Chordates An Introduction. Kingdom Animalia - All inverts & verts Phylum Chordata : All have nerve cords . 3 subphyla : A- Urochordata (tunicates aka sea squirts). Only larvae have notochord

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Chordates An Introduction

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  1. Chordates An Introduction

  2. Kingdom Animalia- All inverts & verts • Phylum Chordata: All have nerve cords. 3 subphyla : • A- Urochordata(tunicates aka sea squirts). Only larvae have notochord • B-Cephalochordata (lancelets aka Amphioxus). Retain notochord throughout adulthood, but “muscle- like” for burrowing • C-Vertebrata- Notochord becomes backbone. 7 Classes

  3. Concept Map Notochord Dorsal hollownerve cord Postanaltail Pharyngealgill slits/ pouches Section 33-1 Chordates have the followingkey features which is A flexiblesupportingstructure

  4. Chordates

  5. Phylum Chordata

  6. Phylum Chordata • Notochord • Gill slits or pharyngeal pouches • Dorsal hollow nerve cord • Postanal tail • Segmented muscles • Deuterostome

  7. Evolutionary Adaptations of Chordates • From filter feeding ancestors to active predators • Mobility • Oxygen capture • Digestion • Circulation • Nervous system

  8. Skeletal Changes • Skeleton becomes stronger to work with bigger muscles • Allows more rapid movement

  9. Oxygen Capture • Gill slit and muscular pharynx will move more water over gills • More oxygen is extracted from water

  10. Circulation • Stronger heart to circulate blood faster

  11. Digestion • Digest more food • Muscularized gut • Digestive glands • Liver • Pancreas

  12. Nervous System • More complex for better • Motor control of body to capture food • Sensory detection of the animals environment • Integration centers (brain)

  13. Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain Brain With Three Parts

  14. Figure 33–2 A Cladogram of Chordates Nonvertebrate chordates Jawless fishes Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Section 33-1

  15. Checkpoint What are the 4 traits that chordates display at some point in their lives? Give 5 examples of Adaptations that allow animals to seek, pursue, and capture prey. Are all vertebrates also chordates? Are all chordates also vertebrates?

  16. Chordate Cladogram Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fishes Nonvertebratechordates Invertebrate ancestor

  17. Figure 33–4 Diversity of Chordates Section 33-1 Nonvertebrate chordates (4%) Mammals (8%) Birds (18%) Fishes (47%) Reptiles (14%) Amphibians (9%)

  18. Chordate Subphyla Phylum. Chordata Subphylum. Urochordata Subphylum. Cephalochordata Subphylum. Vertebrata

  19. Sea Squirts

  20. Subphylum Urochordata • Sea squirts (aka tunicate) • Gill slits (pharyngeal slits) • Notochord • Only in larva • Adult has tunic- made of cellulose, sessile • http://www.arkive.org/star-ascidian/botryllus-schlosseri/ • http://finstofeet.wordpress.com/2010/03/14/1-2-behold-the-tunicates/

  21. Subphylum Cephalochordata • Amphioxus (lancelets) • Notochord length of body • Dorsal hollow nerve cord • Gill slits • Segmented muscles • Maintain all chordate characteristics as adult

  22. Amphioxus

  23. Amphioxus

  24. Subphylum Vertebrata: All Vertebrates have: • Endoskeleton- backbone • Closed circulatory system • Bilateral symmetry • True coelom • Sexual reproduction- internal or external Vertebrate Groups- Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals

  25. Homeostasis • Endothermic (warm-blooded)- internal temp. regulation that must be maintained Ex. Birds & Mammals • Ectothermic (cold-blooded)- external temp. regulation/ regulated by environment Ex. Nonvertebrate chordates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles

  26. Temperature Control in Chordates Section 33-2 Body Temperature (°C) Environmental Temperature (°C) 98.6 F- avg human temp

  27. How vertebrates maintain their temperature

  28. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Agnatha “Jawless” Fish (most primitive): Traits: -Sucker like mouth(no jaws) -No fins or paired appendages -Cartilage skeleton w/ notochord Ex: lamprey & hagfish

  29. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Chondrichthyes-Cartilage Fish

  30. Class: Chondricthyes Traits: • Cartilage skeleton; 2 chambered heart • Lateral line system –detect vibrations (movement & sense) • Electroreception- ampullae of Lorenzini • Paired appendages- pectoral and pelvic girdles • Poor eyesight, great olfactory • Carnivorous or scavenger, no swim bladder • Ex: sharks, skates, rays

  31. http://missbakersbiologyclass.com/blog/2009/04/06/dogfish-shark-dissection-includes-video/http://missbakersbiologyclass.com/blog/2009/04/06/dogfish-shark-dissection-includes-video/

  32. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTM0K6tEIoA

  33. Fish Scales

  34. Tails Bony fish Sharks and rays lungfish

  35. Fish Tail Cladogram

  36. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Osteichthyes- Bony Fish Traits: Bony skeleton; 2 chambered heart Lateral line system/movement & sense Swim bladder-control depth (buoyancy) Have operculum over gills Good smell (olfactory) and eyesight Ex: perch, bass, flounder

  37. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNZQEmGp11k

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