8 September 2011

1. 8 September 2011 Objective: You will be able to: • collect and analyze data to determine the thickness of aluminum foil. • demonstrate mastery of course expectations. Do now: Pick up a syllabus. Do now starts Monday.

2. Agenda • Do Now • Collect data for Al foil lab • Aggregate class data and Dixon’s Q test • Discussion of significant figures • Course syllabus and expectations • Unit 1 review Homework: Materials, signed syallabus, $10 Check Unit 1 summer assignment answers on the blog.

3. Class Aggregate Data • When you finish, enter your data into the spreadsheet. • Then, we’ll look for outliers.

4. Dixon’s Q Test for Outliers x2 = closest value to suspected x1 = suspected outlier xN-x1 = range of values

5. Table of Critical Values • Discard if Qexp > Qcrit

6. Expectations • Email: kboiteau@prospecthillacademy.org • Website: www.phascience.wordpress.com (for assignment sheets, some problem set answers, etc.) • Office hours: Tuesdays 3:30-4:30 pm and by appointment (before and after school) in Room 203 • Office: Room 204

7. Materials • Three ring binder and loose leaf paper • Lab Notebook (available from Ms. Boiteau for $10) • Scientific calculator • Pens or Pencils • Chemistry Textbook

8. Chapter 1: Review • You are responsible for non-problem-solving concepts outlined in your chapter 1 notes

9. Measurement • SI Units:

10. Prefixes: the important ones

11. Converting between orders of magnitude Example 1: Express 3000. mL in liters. Example 2: Express 0.0040 grams in milligrams.

12. Volume • 1 mL=1 cm3 • Example • The density of mercury, the only metal that is liquid at room temperature, is 13.6 g/mL. Calculate the mass of 5.50 mL of the liquid.

13. Temperature Scales • K=oC + 273 • 0 K is the temperature at which… • Don’t say “degrees Kelvin!”

14. Scientific Notation • 602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 hydrogen atoms in a gram of hydrogen • Mass of one hydrogen atom: 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 66 g • 0.0005 seconds • 4,000,000 grams • 4.32x103mL • 9.32x10-5 cm3 • 6.02x1023 atoms

15. An engineer was responsible for calculating amount of water that overflowed from a dam. He measured all of the water runoff going into the reservoir (1.2 million cubic feet per year), the rainfall (860 cubic feet per year), and the capacity of the reservoir (3.8 million cubic feet). He did some fancy calculations. He reported to his boss that the overflow from the dam would be 350,246.2544330 cubic feet per year. • What’s wrong here?

16. Determining Number of Significant Figures • Nonzero integers count as significant figures • Ex. Any number that is NOT zero (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) • 345 • 597.2 • 145.456

17. Zeros • Leading zeros that come before all the nonzero digits do NOT count as significant figures • Ex: 0.0025 has two sig. fig. The zeros are “leading” and do not count. • 0.23 • 0.0004 • 0.03564

18. Captive zeros are between nonzero digits and DO count as sig. fig. • Ex: 1.008 has four sig. fig. The zeros are captive and DO count. • 10,004 • 1.000006 • 1,000,000,000,000,567

19. Trailing zeros are to the right end of the number and DO count as sig. fig. if the number contains a decimal point. • Ex.: 100 has only one sig. fig. because the trailing zeros DO NOT have a decimal point. • Example: 1.00 has three sig. fig. because the trailing zeros DO have a decimal point. • 1.000000 • 3,000,000 • 3.00000 • 30.00 • 300 • 300.

20. Exact numbers • Any number found by counting has an infinite number of significant figures. • Ex: I have 3 apples. The 3 has an infinite number of significant figures. • 50 people • 100 baseballs

21. Significant Figures • 5 cm • 500 cm • 5.0 g • 5.000 mg • 500. K • 5.000x1010 atoms • 505 desks • 505,00.050 L

22. Addition/Subtraction Rules • Use the fewest number of digits to the right of the decimal place in the original numbers. • Ex. 89.332 + 1.1 = 90.432 • Round to

23. Multiplication/Division Rules • Round to the fewest number of significant figures present in the original numbers • Ex: 2.8 x 4.5039 = 12.61092 • Round to… • Ex: 6.85/112.04 = 0.0611388789 • Round to…

24. Exact Numbers • Have infinite significant figures • 12 people, 5 atoms, etc. • 1 inch = 2.54 cm • conversion factors are considered exact

25. Expressing Numerical Answers • EVERY TIME you write down a numerical answer in this class: • Round it to the correct number of significant figures. • Put it in scientific notation if at all possible. • Include correct units.

26. Dimensional Analysis • How many seconds are there in 4.00 years?

27. How many milliliters are equal to 3.4x103 liters?

28. Homework • Check the answers to your chapter 1 summer assignment at www.phascience.wordpress.com • Come to class with questions!! • Materials and $10

29. 12 September 2011 • Objective: You will be able to • demonstrate the Do Now procedure • review unit 1 objectives • Do now: Label a piece of notebook paper “Week of Sept. 12” Silently and on your own, with the use of your notes and homework, answer the following questions:

30. Homework Quiz: • I am five and a half feet tall and weigh 140 lbs. Express my height in meters and my mass in kilograms. 1 lb. = 453.6 g 1 m = 3.28 feet • The following procedure was used to determine the volume of an irregularly-shaped vase: The vase was weighed dry, then filled with water. The mass of the empty vase is 34.90 grams, and the full vase is 55.85 grams. The density of water is 0.9976 g/cm3. Calculate the volume of the vase in cm3.

31. Agenda • Homework quiz • Difficult volume conversion problem • Ch 1 questions? • Ch 1 problem set • Homework: Check chapter 2 summer assignment answers online Ch 1 AP problem set: Thurs.

32. Announcements • Period 0 some “Special Wednesdays” • Nov. 23 • Dec. 7 • Jan 25 • Mar 21 • Apr 11 • Be a TA! See Mr. Moretti!

33. An average adult has 5.2 L of blood. What is the volume of blood in m3?

34. Questions about the Chapter 1 Homework?

35. Chapter 1 problem set • due Friday

36. Homework • Check chapter 2 summer assignment answers online • Ch 1 AP problem set: Thurs.