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“Computer Engineering” Yeditepe University April 19th, 2004 Mustafa Kandemir

Explore the dynamic field of computer engineering, job roles, advancements in IT, and interdependence of hardware and software. Learn about the evolution from vacuum tubes to VLSI circuits and the significance of operating systems and databases. Discover various job opportunities in hardware and software-related roles.

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“Computer Engineering” Yeditepe University April 19th, 2004 Mustafa Kandemir

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  1. “Computer Engineering” Yeditepe University April 19th, 2004 Mustafa Kandemir Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  2. Outline • Introduction • Computer Engineering • IT Jobs • Computers & Its Parts • Database • Datawarehouse & Datamining • Telecommunication • Major Types of Systems • Conflicts Between Users and IT Person: • Q&A Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  3. My Working Life • Graduated from METU(Department Of Computer Engineering) in 1989. • Completed MS for Informatics(Informatics Institute) in METU in 2004. • 15 years of working mostly in development(sometimes project management). • Unbelivable change in IT industry in that time. • First PC' s( 4 PCs ) in 1985 in University, now almost everybody has one in their house or work. • Old : PC with 5 Mhz CPU, No disk drive, monocolor screen, 32K pascal compiler with editor, DOS 3.0, 256KB memory • Now: 2.x Ghz PCs laptops, with hundreds ob GB of disk, some GB of memory, with big, TFT color monitors. • Software sizes up to Gigabytes Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  4. Facts • Glorious times are behind. • Try to go with technology. • Improve your knowledge all the time. • Be patient. • Expect more challange by time • Supply/Demand gap for IT personal decreased Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  5. Computer Engineering • It is the application of CS. • Are we really engineers ? • What will you do in the future ? • Programming is not everything. • It is hard to decide a (job)role in business Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  6. Jobs (1) • Hardware Related(body of computer) • Integrated Circuit Design(CPU, other chips) • Robotics Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  7. Jobs (2) • Software Related (soul of computer) • System Analyst • Software Development(desgn, code, test, deliver and maintain) • Project Managament ( resource, budget, time management) • Database Administraion (Design, Perf&Tuning, Back Up/Restore ) • Application Test & Support(Help Desk) • Business Intelligence (DWH, OLAP, Query Tools, Datamining) • System Admin ( Operating System Perf&Tuning, Back Up/Restore, Security ) • Operations Research Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  8. Jobs(3) Network related (Vessels) Network Administration Other Jobs: Consultancy for some specific area (Network, Datawarehouse, DBMS, etc.) Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  9. Others to be worked with: • Users(Anybody that uses computers in their daily work)(they need everthing !) • Business Analysts (conflicts with IT personal) • Operators • Technicians(Network, PC) Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  10. Management ? ( Müdür in Turkish) • Engineering or Management ? What do you prefer ? • Both is not possible (My opinion) • BS seems to be enogh to cope with engineering needs • MS is good for academic life ! • MBA is good for management in finance Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  11. INTERDEPENDENCE HARDWARE BUSINESS Strategy Rules Procedures SOFTWARE DATABASE TELE-COMMUNICATIONS ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM IT & Business Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  12. CPU INPUT DEVICES SECONDARY STORAGE OUTPUT DEVICES COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES PRIMARY STORAGE Hardware BUSES Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  13. Computer Generations 1. Vacuum tubes: 1946-1956 2. Transistors: 1957-1963 3. Integrated circuits: 1964-1979 4. Very large-scale integrated(vlsi) circuits: 1980- present Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  14. OPERATING SYSTEM: SCHEDULED COMPUTER EVENTS ALLOCATES COMPUTER RESOURCES MONITORS EVENTS LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS: INTERPRETERS COMPILERS UTILITY PROGRAMS: ROUTINE OPERATIONS MANAGE DATA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE; FORTRAN; COBOL; PL / 1; QBASIC; PASCAL; C; C++; “FOURTH GENERATION” LANGUAGES Software APPLICATION SOFTWARE SYSTEM SOFTWARE HARDWARE Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  15. Operating System Manages & Controls Activities • Allocation & assignment • Scheduling • Monitoring • System residence device:secondary storage device storing operating system * Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  16. Database(DBMS) Organization’s electronic library Stores & manages data In a convenient form Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  17. Components Of DBMS: • DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE(DDL): • Defines Data Elements in Database • DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE(DML): • Manipulates Data for Applications • DATA DICTIONARY: • Formal Definitions of all Variables in Database; Controls Variety of Database Contents * Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  18. Structured Query Language (SQL) • Emerging standard • Data manipulation language • For relational databases * Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  19. Advantages Of DBMS: • Reduces complexity • Reduces data redundancy / inconsistency • Central control of data creation / definitions • Reduces program / data dependence • Reduces development / maintenance costs • Enhances system flexibility • Increases access / availability of information Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  20. Database trends • DATA WAREHOUSE:Organization’s Electronic Library Stores Consolidated Current & Historic Data for Management Reporting & Analysis • DATA MART:small data warehouse for special function, e.g., focused marketing based on customer info Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  21. Datawarehoue (DWH) • DWH vs Operatinal Data Store • DWH is not a copy of ODS • Transformed, Cleansed, historic, huge but easy to query data store Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  22. Components Of Data Warehouse Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  23. Datawarehoue (DWH) Data Modeling Oracle Data Mart Designer OLTPDatabases DWHDatabase OLTPEngines Ware-housing Engines DBMS SQL Data Access & Analysis Query Tool & Reporting DataExtraction Data Management Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  24. Dataminig • Try to find something not known from data (by using patterns in data) • Beer nearby snack, it is obvious ! • But, what about beer neraby baby napkin ? Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  25. Source Data Source Data Source Data Source Data Data Mining Flow Host Application Data Mining Predict Deploy Extract Clean Evaluate Transform Model Predict Production Data Decision Support Mart Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  26. Business Intelligence Query Tools (Datawarehouse, OLAP, Datamining) • Easy to understand data model • Esay to use GUI • Fast Response • Scheduling complex queries Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  27. Business Intelligence Definitions Query and Reporting OLAPData Mining Knowledge discovery of hidden patterns and insights Summaries, trends and forecasts Extraction of detailed and summary data “Analysis” “Information” “Insight and Prediction” Who purchasedmutual funds in the last 3 years? What is theincomedistribution of mutual fund buyers? Who will buy a mutual fund in the next 6 months? Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  28. Telecommunications Communicating information Via electronic means Over some distance Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  29. Major Types of Information Systems • Executive support systems (ESS) • Management information systems (MIS) • Decision support systems (DSS) • Knowledge work systems (KWS) • Office automation systems (OAS) • Transaction processing systems (TPS) * Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  30. Typical TPS Applications • Scheduling; Purchasing; Shipping / Receiving; Engineering; Operations • Materials Resource Planning Systems; Purchase Order Control Systems; Engineering Systems; Quality Control Systems Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  31. Office Automation Systems (OAS) • Toward a “Paperless” office • Redesign of work flow • Integrated software • Ergonomic design • Bright, cheerful work space EXAMPLE: Presentation Graphics Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  32. Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) • Knowledge level • Inputs: design specs • Processing: modelling • Outputs: designs, graphics • Users: technical staff EXAMPLE: Engineering Work Station Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  33. Management Information Systems (MIS) • Structured & semi-structured decisions • Report control oriented • Past & present data • Internal orientation • Lengthy design process Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  34. Decision Support Systems (DSS) • Management level • Inputs: low volume data • Processing: interactive • Outputs: decision analysis • Users: professionals, staff EXAMPLE: Contract Cost Analysis Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  35. Decision Support System(DSS) Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  36. Decision Support System • TPS:transaction processing system • MODEL:representation of a problem • OLAP:on-line analytical processing • USER INTERFACE:how user enters problem & receives answers • DSS DATABASE: current data from applications or groups Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  37. Decision Support System • DATA MINING:technology for finding relationships in large data bases for prediction • DSS SOFTWARE SYSTEM:tools for data analysis • SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS:“what-if” questions about changes in model factors Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  38. Executive Support Systems (ESS) • Strategic Level • Inputs: Aggregate Data • Processing: Interactive • Outputs: Projections • Users: Senior Managers EXAMPLE: 5 Year Operating Plan Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  39. ESS MIS DSS KWS OAS TPS Interrelationships Among Systems Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  40. Conflicts Between Users and IT Person: • User requires something • IT understands it differently • The result is somehow hybrid of the understanding • of the both sides • No one will be happy Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  41. Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  42. HOW USERS SEES THE PROBLEM ACTUALLY THERE IS NO ONE AND ONLY ONE ANSWER HOW IT PERSON SEES THE PROBLEM Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  43. Users: • Don’t underestimate them • Dont’t think you are smarter than them • Don’t think you are stronger than them • Listen them carefully • Otherrwise you will be a cat like in the following picture ..... Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  44. USER IT STAFF Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

  45. Questions & Answers Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University

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