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Evolution of African American Freedom

Explore the journey of African Americans from slavery to civil rights movements, legislation, and modern challenges. Learn about key figures, protests, and impactful events from 1754 to the 21st century.

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Evolution of African American Freedom

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  1. Key Question 3: How and why did the economic, social, and political status of African Americans change from 1754-2000?

  2. Slavery Review • Brainstorm everything you can about life as a slave • Share with a partner and write down new information • Use note sheet you just made and describe for me the life of a slave

  3. Ex- Slaves New Freedom, reuniting families Education, rights Political influence, voting Sharecropping – landowners dividing up land for poor whites and Af-Americans to work.

  4. Big Changes 3 Constitutional Amendments 13th Amendment – Abolition of Slavery 14th Amendment – All races gain citizenship 15th Amendment – All races can vote Note: Literacy Tests and Poll Taxes were used as ways to prohibit people from voting Question: How have these amendments changed your life personally? Explain

  5. Response to 13th Amendment • Freedmen’s Bureau • Essentially created sharecropping • Tried to educate blacks on how to read and write • Provided some form of legal counsel • Disbanded when funding ran out • Black Codes • Ku Klux Klan • Enforcement Acts

  6. Response to 14th Amendment • Black Codes • Keep from voting • Ku Klux Klan • Fear into heart of blacks

  7. Response to KKK Backlash • Enforcement Acts • protected blacks’ right to vote • to hold office • to serve on juries • receive equal protection of laws • The laws also said that if the states failed to act and enforce these laws, the federal government had the right to intervene.

  8. Racism • Racism – treating someone differently because of the color of their skin

  9. Restrictions of Freedom • The “Slaughter House Cases” 1873 • 1876 Compromise • D.W. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation

  10. Jim Crow’s creation • Dred Scott Decision-blacks were property • Plessy v. Ferguson – created separate but equal • Segregation – separating the races • Schools, neighborhoods, waiting rooms, public facilities

  11. Life after Sharecropping • Booker T. Washington and the Tuskegee Institute • William Du Bois and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

  12. Other Responses • Marcus Garvey • Back to Africa Movement • Garveyism inspired later movements • A. Philip Randolph • Fought to end segregation during and after WWII • Leader in March on Washington

  13. Great Migration • The “Great Migration” • African Americans flocking to the north to gain factory jobs

  14. Harlem Renaissance • African American voice in the Arts • Jazz – Louis Armstrong • Writers focusing on the lives and struggles of African Americans • Langston Hughes

  15. Change Must Happen • NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Thurgood Marshall - lawyer and leader • Brown v. Board of Education in Topeka, KS • Got rid of separate but equal • Linda Brown – little girl who had to travel across town to go to school

  16. Montgomery Bus Boycott - 1955 • Rosa Parks – wouldn’t give up her seat to a white man • Kicked off bus and arrested • Bus Boycott – refuse to use • Alternative methods of transportation • Question: what other ways could people get around town if they didn’t have a bus? • Martin Luther King Jr. – little known preacher, leader, “non-violence” • 381 days later the bus company gave in

  17. Moving Toward Equality • Integration – bringing the races together • Central High School – Little Rock, AR, 1957 • National Guard Ordered to STOP integration • Eisenhower ordered integration • University of Alabama – 1963 • Gov. George Wallace stood in the doorway to stop Af. American students • Question: why do you think these students wanted to go to these schools so bad?

  18. Protests • Sit-ins – protest by sitting down • Civil Disobedience – not obeying laws you feel are unjust • Freedom Riders – patrol bus system • Question: if you wanted to make real change in a law, rule or policy, how would you protest it? • March on Washington • MLK – “I have a dream…” • 250,000 people

  19. Violence Erupts • Riots – protest turned Violent • Watts 1965, Detroit 1967, others • Police Brutality – violence against citizens by law enforcement officers • Malcolm X – Nation of Islam • Stokely Carmichael – “Black Power” • Black Panthers – Oakland, CA • To protect the Af. American Community

  20. Opinion • Why do you think that some people chose non-violence in the civil rights movement and others chose violence? • Which do you think is the better choice? Why?

  21. Sad Truth • MLK – assassinated outside hotel in Memphis, TN by James Earl Ray • Malcolm X – assassinated by one of his followers

  22. More Progress • Civil Rights Act 1964 • Voting Rights Act 1965 • Civil Rights Act 1968 • Activity: Summarize what these laws did using your textbook. • Affirmative Action – making special efforts to hire and enroll members of groups who have been discriminated against.

  23. Modern African American Relations • Are minorities accepted in modern culture, why or why not? • Are there any stereotypes presented through the print media about minorities? How so? • What message is the modern media telling America about cultures? • Rodney King Affair • Have we reached MLK’s dream? Will we ever?

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