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Health Psychology Class 2 Physiology, Part I

Health Psychology Class 2 Physiology, Part I. "Were they normal?" What a question to ask! And it is always those who know nothing about human nature, who are bored by psychology and shocked by physiology , who ask it. E.M. Forester (1910) , Howards End. Topics Covered Today.

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Health Psychology Class 2 Physiology, Part I

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  1. Health Psychology Class 2 Physiology, Part I "Were they normal?" What a question to ask! And it is always those who know nothing about human nature, who are bored by psychology and shocked by physiology, who ask it. E.M. Forester (1910), Howards End

  2. Topics Covered Today 1. Nervous system 2. Endocrine system 3. Cardiovascular system

  3. Nervous System Functions Functions of the NS? Sensation/sensory: What are the senses? Sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste, kinesthesia, proprioception Generate thoughts and emotions Execution of movement Regulation of other systems Respiratory, digestive, circulatory, etc.

  4. Neuron—Building Block of NS synaptic cleft Neurotransmitters …are chemicals released by axons, absorbed by dendrites, passing messages from neuron to neuron.

  5. Subsystems of Nervous System Sensory (visual) to brain Brain to spinal cord Spinal cord to peripheral nerves Autonomic NS Sympathetic NS Mobilize for action (fight/flight) Peripheral nerves to muscles Parasympathetic NS Restores to equilibrium after danger passed

  6. The Brain

  7. The Brain Telencephalon (cerebral cortex) Diencephalons Hindbrain

  8. Principle Lobes of the Brain

  9. Basal Ganglia: Moderates Muscle Movement

  10. Recticular Activating System (RAS) RAS: “Mr. Attention”

  11. Limbic System Limbic System: “Mr. Emotion”

  12. Autonomic Nervous System Function: Control internal organs Sympathetics NS a. Emergencies, emotions, hard work b. Activated during stress c. Catabolic = energy using Parasympathetic NS a. Controls organs during normal times (non emergencies) b. Antagonistic to sympathetic NS

  13. Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters are chemicals that pass between nerve cells. Catecholamines: Epinephrine and norepinephrine a. Released in response to stress b. Body changes 1. Sympathetic NS arousal 2. HR increases 3. Respiration increases 4. Digestion/urination decrease (why?) c. Chronic stress taxes systems: Leads to? Heart disease, Hypertension

  14. Diseases and Dysfunctions of the Nervous System Epilepsy Cerebral palsy Multiple sclerosis Myasthenia Gravis Huntington's Disease Alzheimer's Disease Paraplegia Quadriplegia

  15. Endocrine System Endocrine collaborates with NS NS – Fast, short acting Endocrine –slow, long lasting Glands, secrete hormones to blood Stimulate organ changes Regulated by hypothalamus, pituitary Oxytocin: love chemical Adrenals: Release steroids, regulate kidneys, carbo. metabolism, healing. Adrenals are implicated by stress

  16. Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Telencephalon (cerebral cortex) Diencephalons Hindbrain

  17. Diabetes Nature: Body does not produce or utilize insulin Insulin: Converts sugar and carbs into energy Type I (insulin dependent) a. Not enough insulin produced b. Most serious Type II a. Body not responsive to insulin b. Leads to obesity Symptoms a. Hypoglycemia: insufficient blood sugar, quick onset, give sugar. b. Hyperglycemia: Too much blood sugar: thirst, slower onset, give insulin. Complications: Heart disease, blindness, renal failure, amputation, death

  18. BLOOD FLOW THROUGH HEART

  19. Circulatory System

  20. Circulation Routing Lungs to Cells Lungs (oxygenated blood) ↓ heart (L. Ventrical) ↓ aorta to arteries ↓ muscles, organs, cells Cells Back to Heart cells, muscles, organs ↓ heart (R. Atrium) ↓ lungs (CO2 expelled / Oxy inhaled) ↓ Heart (L. Ventrical) Color “in”? Color “out”? Blue Red Transports? Gasses, nutrients Transports? Wastes

  21. Cardiac Cycle Phases Systole: Blood pumped INTO / OUT OF heart Diastole: Blood pumped INTO / OUT OF heart Stress: Cycle accelerates, due to decreased diastolic phase, which fatigues heart, thus reducing blood pumped out.

  22. Diseases of the Heart Atherosclerosis Due to: cholesterol deposits Symptoms: a. Angina pectoris b. Myocardial infarction (aka heart attack) c. Aneurysm d. Phlebitis Arteriosclerosis: hardening of the arteries Rheumatic fever

  23. Blood Adult contains 5 liters—about 1.33 gallons Composition a. Plasma (55%): Proteins, salts, stuff cells transport b. Blood cells (45%) Blood cells 1. White blood cells 2. Lymphocytes 3. Red blood cells 4. Platelets

  24. Blood Related Diseases Leukemia: too many white blood cells, due to cancer Leukocytosis: Too many white cells, due to disease response Leukopenia: Too few white blood cells Anemia: Too few red blood cells Sickle cell anemia Hemophilia: Can't produce clots. "Royal's disease", why?

  25. Harry's Eventful Day Harry is walking to his apartment. He comes to red light and stops. The part of his brain used to make this decision is the: _____ Telencephalon _____ Diencehpalon _____ Midbrain _____ Corpus Trafficus Harry passes a plate glass window and admires his smooth, regular gait. He says to himself, "Wow, my must really be doing its thing!" X Basal Ganglia

  26. Then he passes Robert's Pizza, and takes a big whiff of sizzling pepperoni, which activates the of his cerebral cortex. Harry stops by a newsstand, and sees a funny headline "Insane orangutan on loose in Newark". The lobe in his cerebral cortex used to comprehend and remember this headline is the . Harry goes up to his apartment, which he shares with Wilfred. The place is completely trashed! Garbage strewn everywhere. Broken lamps. Smashed DVDs. Harry is about to scold Wilfred for his bad behavior, but he's suddenly more alert due to this event. This is because his is aroused. Temporal Lobe Frontal Lobe Recticular Activating System

  27. Suddenly Harry spots a large orange/yellow hulking apelike thing bouncing up and down on his bed. What part of Harry's autonomic NS kicks into action, SYMPATHETIC or PARASYMPATHETIC? The pathway through which this disturbing information is processed is a follows: Eyes to lobe, to the which recognizes sensory inputs, to the which elevates Harry's and and reduces his activity and desires. Occipital Thalamus Hypothalamus Heart Rate (HR) Respiration Digestive Sexual

  28. Harry is highly emotionally agitated, which is because his SYMPATHETIC nervous system is activated. Because he is in flight/fight mode, which structure within this system is aroused: ____ Amygdala & hippocampus ____ Cingulate gyrus & septum ____ Anterio thalamus Because of this stressful event, Harry's adrenals go to work. The produces which increase metabolism and reduce in case of injury. It secretes and (aka ), which arouses his body for action. X Adrenal Cortex Corticosteroids Inflamation Adrenalin Noradrenaline Catacholamines

  29. Harry thinks to himself, “if that crazed ape gets me, he could break my back leading to , or paralysis of my legs, or worse this could lead to or paralysis of my upper body and lower body”. Paraplegia Quadraplegia

  30. Suddenly the orangutan stops jumping, enters the living room, and says "Hi Harry! how you like the new costume?" It's that crazy Wilfred. Harry says, "Gee Wilfred, you sure had me going. I thought I would have a (aka Heart attack).” Although the danger is over, Harry is still in an aroused state because his SYMPATHETIC or PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system has not yet returned his body to its normal state. Myocardial Infarction

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