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Modern Taxonomy

Modern Taxonomy. Bat, cat, human and a whale?. Homologous Structures. Phylogeny. Phylogeny. Defined: T he connections between all groups of organisms as understood by ancestor/descendant relationships. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species. . Cladistics.

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Modern Taxonomy

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  1. Modern Taxonomy

  2. Bat, cat, human and a whale?

  3. Homologous Structures

  4. Phylogeny

  5. Phylogeny • Defined: • The connections between all groups of organisms as understood by ancestor/descendant relationships. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species.

  6. Cladistics A method that reconstructs phylogenies by inferring relationships based on shared derived characteristics.

  7. Cladistics • A derived character evolved in the ancestor of one group but not of the other.

  8. Shared derived characteristics?

  9. Shared derived characteristics? • Clads

  10. Cladogram • Shows evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms. • Organisms that share derived characters are grouped together. • As groups evolve, new derived characters appear that were not present in earlier organisms. • Usually start with an out-group.

  11. Cladogram Examples

  12. Cladogram Examples

  13. What is Cladistics used for? • We have a perfectly good system for classifying organisms why change it?

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