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Modern Taxonomy

Modern Taxonomy. How is Life Classified Today?. Similar traits often indicates common ancestry Phylogeny: evolutionary histories of a species Determined by examining: Fossils Living specimens Molecular data Development. Despite the physical differences, which group of life do these

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Modern Taxonomy

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  1. Modern Taxonomy

  2. How is Life Classified Today? • Similar traits often indicates common ancestry • Phylogeny: evolutionary histories of a species • Determined by examining: • Fossils • Living specimens • Molecular data • Development Despite the physical differences, which group of life do these belong to?

  3. Fossil Evidence • Homologous structures: body parts that have a similar structure, but different function • Relationships identified among different species • Fossils link past life to modern life

  4. Anatomy shows nonrelationships also Dolphins are not FISH! Despite their outer Physical appearance

  5. Biochemical Evidence • Comparing DNA, amino acids, chromosomes, proteins • Similarities and differences can be found • Splits in evolution can be estimated

  6. Chromosome Evidence Chromosome order: Human, orangutan, gorilla, pygmy chimp

  7. Molecular evidence reveals species’ relatedness. • Molecular data may confirm classification. • Molecular data may lead scientists to propose a new classification. • DNA is usually given the last word by scientists.

  8. Cladistics • Cladistics is a common method to make evolutionary trees. • classification based on common ancestry • species placed in order that they descended from common ancestor • Shown in tree branching diagrams

  9. 1 Tetrapoda clade 2 Amniota clade 3 Reptilia clade 4 Diapsida clade 5 Archosauria clade FEATHERS & TOOTHLESS BEAKS. SKULL OPENINGS IN FRONT OF THE EYE & IN THE JAW OPENING IN THE SIDE OF THE SKULL SKULL OPENINGS BEHIND THE EYE EMBRYO PROTECTED BY AMNIOTIC FLUID FOUR LIMBS WITH DIGITS DERIVED CHARACTER • A clade is a group of species that share a common ancestor. • Derived characters: • represented on cladogram as hash marks • more closely related species share more derived characters CLADE • Nodes represent the most recent common ancestor of a clade. NODE

  10. List 2 characteristics of a salamander. Where would a 3rd be located? • From the diagram, which organism is most closely related to the Chimp?

  11. 1) What does an amphibian & crocodile have in common? Vertebrae, Bony skeleton, Four limbs • 2) List the traits of a ray-finned fish. Doesn’t have 4 limbs, has bony skeleton, has vertebrae

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