Socio-Cultural Backgrounds of Health and Safety at Work

1. Socio-Cultural Backgrounds of Health and Safety at Work Domyung Paek WHO, Euro, ECEH-Bonn/ Seoul National University

2. The Rise and Fall of Asbestos Industry and Its Repercussions in Korea Domyung Paek Seoul National University Korea

3. Industrial Safety and Health Act of Korea, 1981 First Mesothelioma Case in Korea, 1994 Phases of Change EXPANSION PLATEAU FALL

4. Global Plan of Action on Workers Health Accomplishments, challenges and future strategies

5. Socio-Cultural Backgrounds of Health and Safety at Work Domyung Paek WHO, Euro, ECEH-Bonn/ Seoul National University

8. Usually, health and safety measures are regarded as technical programs. • Often, economic and time constraints are regarded as the main obstacle to the implementation of program. • Rarely, socio-cultural background is conceived as the determinant of health and safety.

9. East coast of south India, the so called French Rivera of the East

10. Unless the safety and health is accepted and requested by the people, it is not practiced in the field, even with all the best available technical expertise. • Often economic and time constraints are not a problem, when people accepts it as necessary.

11. In the Citizen’s Police Academy, Constable Reeder and Constable Gibson help Tara put on the Explosive Disposal Unit's Bomb Suit.

12. Even climate changes over the periods as well as culture

13. How was the health and safety culture at work in the past?

14. Slaves…

15. Soldiers… 産業戰士

16. Or most commonly, just unfortunate and undeserved ones

17. Who’s health and safety have got appreciated since then?

18. Artisans… Trade Medicine

19. Laborers… Industrial Medicine

20. Workers… Occupational Medicine

21. Employees… Environmental Medicine

22. Or Any Person, including even Soldiers at Work ? An RAF expert from 5131 Bomb Disposal Squadron at work Social Medicine

23. Why has it been changed since then? How can we measure the difference? Any intermediate stages in this change?

24. Source, Exposure, Effect, and Action (SEEA) Model of Asbestos Industry Foreign Investment Source Expansion Phase Plateau Phase Shrinkage Phase Exposure Administrative Regulation Repercussions Effect Asbestos Ban Action

25. Foreign Investment Source Expansion Phase Plateau Phase Shrinkage Phase Exposure Administrative Regulation Repercussions Effect Asbestos Ban Action Source, Exposure, Effect, and Action (SEEA) Model of Asbestos Industry Fragmented Initiatives Developments and Controls Repercussions and Feed backs Another round of system building

26. Foreign Investment Source Expansion Phase Plateau Phase Shrinkage Phase Exposure Administrative Regulation Repercussions Effect Fragmented Initiatives Developments and Controls Repercussions and Feed backs Another round of system building Asbestos Ban Action Source, Exposure, Effect, and Action (SEEA) Model of Asbestos Industry Input-dominant Stage Process-dominant Stage Output-dominant Stage

27. Foreign Investment Source Expansion Phase Plateau Phase Shrinkage Phase Exposure Administrative Regulation Repercussions Effect Fragmented Initiatives Developments and Controls Repercussions and Feed backs Another round of system building Asbestos Ban Action Industry, Exposure, Effect, and Action Model of Occupational Health and Safety Input-dominant Stage Process-dominant Stage Output-dominant Stage

30. Frequently, the health and safety problems are compounded by low technical levels (such as noise monitoring without knowing the source characteristics), disorganized managerial priorities (such as repeated but exactly the same exams and measurements), and lack of sincere objectives (such as safety first only in words, not actions). • Where is the main root-cause of the problem?

31. Public notice Policy Assmt Campaign Demonstration System Factors prejudice custom/value Audit System Assmt OEM Consulting Macro Managerial Factors investment/cost organization management/union + Invisible Subjects victims NGO’s Micro Managerial Factors Work hour/rest susceptibility education/training Substitution Protection Training + Hidden Subjects government Interest parties Competing company Epi studies Risk Assmt Technical Factors Dangerous Machine Toxic Chemical MSDS Toxic Assmt Assmt Recognition + Subjects workers managers

32. By top-down approach, that is placing the root cause of the problem to the lack of sincere objectives of the current policy makers and system administrators will only change the status up to those points where the current system is not disturbed in terms of its basic operation. • Only new requests from the bottom up direction can change the scope and nature of ultimate objectives and ways of the operation beyond the current system.

33. Public notice Policy Assmt Campaign Demonstration System Factors prejudice custom/value Audit System Assmt OEM Consulting Macro Managerial Factors investment/cost organization management/union + Invisible Subjects victims NGO’s Micro Managerial Factors Work hour/rest susceptibility education/training Substitution Protection Training + Hidden Subjects government Interest parties Competing company Epi studies Risk Assmt Technical Factors Dangerous Machine Toxic Chemical MSDS Toxic Assmt Assmt Recognition + Subjects workers managers

34. In this sense, it is not ‘what to do’, ‘how to do’, or ‘why to do’, but it is ‘who are involved in this health and safety policy making and administration’. • The scope, nature and level of participation of various subjects including the hidden and invisible ones is therefore the key to this change.

35. Public notice Policy Assmt Campaign Demonstration System Factors prejudice custom/value Audit System Assmt OEM Consulting Macro Managerial Factors investment/cost organization management/union + Invisible Subjects victims NGO’s Micro Managerial Factors Work hour/rest susceptibility education/training Substitution Protection Training + Hidden Subjects government Interest parties Competing company Epi studies Risk Assmt Technical Factors Dangerous Machine Toxic Chemical MSDS Toxic Assmt Assmt Recognition + Subjects workers managers

36. Key questions are • who are the participants? • how one stage is linked with the subsequent ones? • how initiatives can lead to the control of exposures, • and how control measures can lead to the identification of victims, • and ultimately to the feed-backs? • ‘Who?’ questions can give answers to who should be empowered in sequence • Linking the input with process : professionals • Linking the process with the output : victims • Linking the output with the re-input : politicians

37. Any national or international programs such as WHO improvement projects should target those “who’s”, strategically and sequentially with priorities in mind, by using appropriate education and training (or empowerment) programs corresponding to the appropriate stages and/or profiles of each country.