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Stress

Stress. Stress. Stress is a physiological response to noxious stimuli. Effects include: 1) enlarged adrenal glands 2) reduced thymus gland 3) ulceration of the stomach

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Stress

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  1. Stress

  2. Stress Stress is a physiological response to noxious stimuli. Effects include: 1) enlarged adrenal glands 2) reduced thymus gland 3) ulceration of the stomach Stress is affected by one’s appraisal of the situation. What is stressful versus challenging varies across individuals.

  3. Effects if stress: • Can increase adrenaline and norepinephrine • Raises cortisol • Lowers interferon • reduces the number of lymphocytes

  4. General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans Selye) Three phases • 1) alarm reaction • 2) resistance • 3) exhaustion

  5. Things that suppress the immune system: 1) Surgery 2) Sleep deprivation 3) learned helplessness 4) Bereavement i.e., any loss (e.g., friend, intellectual skills, memory, self esteem, physical attractiveness, money, home, land, status)

  6. Life-Stress Scale Events Score Death of spouse 100 Divorce 73 Marriage 50 Financial change 38 Vacation 13

  7. Factors That Influence Stress Appraisal Perceived control (e.g., dentist, nursing home study) Intensity Duration Predictability Competency Motivation Physiological state (second stressors) Social Support

  8. Coping with Stress 1) Direct action 2) Situation Redefinition 3) Catharsis 4) Social Support 5) Aerobic exercise 6) Relaxation / meditation 7) Acceptance 8) Distraction 9) Religion

  9. Social Support 1) Emotional (love, security) 2) Instrumental (money, assistance) 3) Information 4) Appraisal - feedback - communication

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