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Neural and Hormonal Systems

Neural and Hormonal Systems. Will Explain Why We FEEL……. Nervous. Strong. Sick. Pain. It all Starts with the Neuron. Neuron Structure. Neurons do NOT touch each other- the space in between is call the synapse. How a Neuron Fires. It is an electrochemical process

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Neural and Hormonal Systems

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  1. Neural and Hormonal Systems Will Explain Why We FEEL…… Nervous Strong Sick Pain

  2. It all Starts with the Neuron

  3. Neuron Structure Neurons do NOT touch each other- the space in between is call the synapse.

  4. How a Neuron Fires It is an electrochemical process • Electrical inside the neuron • Chemical outside the neuron (in the synapse in the form of a neurotransmitter). • The firing is call Action Potential.

  5. The All-or None Response • The idea that either the neuron fires or it does not- no part way firing. • Like a gun

  6. Steps of Action Potential • Dendrites receive neurotransmitters from another neuron across the synapse. • Reached its threshold- then fires based on the all-or-none response. • Opens up a portal in axon, and lets in positive ions (Sodium) which mix with negative ions (Potassium) that is already inside the axon (thus Neurons at rest have a slightly negative charge). • The mixing of + and – ions causes an electrical charge that opens up the next portal (letting in more K) while closing the original portal. • Process continues down axon to the axon terminal. • Terminal buttons turns electrical charge into chemical (neurotransmitter) and shoots message to next neuron across the synapse.

  7. Action Potential

  8. Excitatory Effect • A neurotransmitter effect that makes it more likely that the receiving neuron will generate an action potential or “fire” • .

  9. Inhibitory Effect • A neurotransmitter effect that makes it less likely that the receiving neuron will generate an action potential or “fire”

  10. A Neural Chain

  11. A Neural Chain

  12. A Neural Chain

  13. A Neural Chain

  14. Neurotransmitters • Chemical messengers released by terminal buttons through the synapse. • We should know at least 4 types and what they do.

  15. Acetylcholine • Its function is motor movement and maybe memory. Too much and you will…. Not enough and you will…. Lack of ACH has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

  16. Dopamine • Its function is motor movement and alertness. Lack of dopamine is associated with Parkinson’s disease. Overabundance is associated with schizophrenia.

  17. Serotonin • Function deals with mood control. Lack of serotonin has been linked to depression.

  18. Endorphins • Function deals with pain control. We become addicted to endorphin causing feelings.

  19. Agonists and Antagonists

  20. Types of Neurons Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Interneurons SAME!

  21. Sensory Neurons(Afferent Neurons)‏ • Take information from the senses to the brain.

  22. Interneurons • Take messages from Sensory Neurons to other parts of the brain or to Motor Neurons.

  23. Motor Neurons(Efferent Neurons)‏ • Take information from brain to the rest of the body.

  24. SAME • S • A • M • E

  25. Divisions of the Nervous System

  26. Sympathetic Nervous System Flight or Fight Response

  27. A Simple Reflex

  28. The Endocrine System A system of glands that secrete hormones. Similar to nervous system, except hormones work a lot slower than neurotransmitters. Hormones Neurotransmitters

  29. The Major Endocrine Glands

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