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Review 4

Review 4. Chapters 8, 9, 10. CHAPTER 8. What are the three levels of management activity?. Operational Tactical Strategic . Operational management level?. Composed of supervisory managers that develop short-range plans such as weekly production schedules. Tactical management level?.

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Review 4

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  1. Review 4 Chapters 8, 9, 10

  2. CHAPTER 8

  3. What are the three levels of management activity? • Operational • Tactical • Strategic

  4. Operational management level? • Composed of supervisory managers that develop short-range plans such as weekly production schedules.

  5. Tactical management level? • Composed of middle managers that develop short- and medium-range plans

  6. Strategic management level? • Composed of a board of directors and an executive committee of the CEO who develop overall organizational goals, strategies, policies as a part of a strategic planning process.

  7. What is a Structured decision? • Repetitive and routine problems for which standard solution exist. • The procedures to follow can be specified in advance.

  8. What is a Semi-structured decision? • Some decision procedures can be pre-specified, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision.

  9. What is an Unstructured Decision? • The procedures cannot be specified in advance. • Unstructured problems are novel and non-routine, complex. • Ex: new business planning

  10. Decisions made at the operational management level tend to be more • Structured

  11. Decisions made at the tactical management level tend to be more • Semi-structured

  12. Decisions made at the strategic management level tend to be more • Unstructured

  13. What are the management support systems? • Management Information systems • Decision support systems • Executive information systems

  14. What is an exception report? • Exception reports, highlighting only exceptional conditions, such as when a customer exceeds their credit limit, a manager would probably get an exception report.

  15. What are the characteristics of the Decision Support Systems? • Interactive • Supports semi-structured and unstructured decisions

  16. What is a What-if analysis? • What-if analysis attempts to check the impact of a change in the assumptions on the proposed solution. • What if we cut advertising by 10 percent?

  17. What is a Sensitivity Analysis? • When the value of one variable is changed repeatedly and the resulting changes in other variables are observed.

  18. What is a goal-seeking model? • Attempts to find the value of the inputs necessary to achieve a desired level of outputs.

  19. What is Data Visualization? • Data visualization refers to presentation of data in graphical form instead of traditional form of text and table.

  20. What is Geographical Information System (GIS)? • A GIS is a data visualization technology that captures, stores, checks, integrates, manipulates, and displays data using digitized maps.

  21. What are the characteristics of Executive Information Systems (EIS)? • Provide management with immediate and easy access to information about the firm’s critical success factors. • Are most useful to managers at the strategic level of management. • Support unstructured decision-making process.

  22. What is drill down? • provides details behind any given information.

  23. What is Data mining? • organizing valuable business information in a large database

  24. What is Artificial Intelligence? • AI is the effort to develop computer based systems that behave as humans.

  25. What are the major areas of AI? • Cognitive science • Robotics • Natural interfaces

  26. What are the major areas of Cognitive science? • intelligent agents, • neural networks, • fuzzy logic.

  27. What is an Intelligent agent? • It is a software surrogate for end user or process that fulfills a stated need or activity.

  28. Systems that use massively parallel processors whose architecture is based on the human brain’s neuron structure are called • Artificial Neural Networks

  29. What is a Fuzzy Logic system? • system that can process ambiguous data and quickly provides approximate, but acceptable solutions to problems.

  30. What are the characteristics of an Expert system? • They are designed to replicate and then to replace a human advisor. • They transfer expertise from an expert and documented sources to a computer and then to the user.

  31. CHAPTER 9

  32. What are the major components involved in IT Planning process? • Strategy development • Resource management • Technology architecture

  33. What are the ways for minimizing end-user resistance? • Proper end user training • Improved communications with IS personnel • End user involvement in the development and implementation of new systems

  34. What is the major focus of organizational change management? • People

  35. CHAPTER 10

  36. What are the steps in the SDLC? • systems analysis, • systems design, • programming, • testing, • implementation (conversion), • and production & maintenance.

  37. What is the function of systems analysis stage? • ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED

  38. What is feasibility study? • Determining whether the proposed system is feasible financially, economically, technically, and operationally.

  39. What is SYSTEMS DESIGN? • describes how the system will accomplish the task.

  40. What are the major forms of CONVERSION? • Parallel • Phased • Direct • Pilot

  41. What is parallel conversion? • The conversion process in which both the old and new system are operated for a time.

  42. What are the alternative system-building approaches? • Prototyping • Application software packages • End-user development • Outsourcing

  43. What is Prototyping? • Using prototype which is a working version of an information system or part of the system for discovering how a system should operate.

  44. What is outsourcing? • Purchase of product or service from another company.

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