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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. Dr Iram Tassaduq. OVERVIEW. Transport of nutrients, hormones, gases, & other vital materials requires highly controlled flow. Body has 2 circulatory systems . Blood vascular system Lymph vascular system . BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM.

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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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  1. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Dr Iram Tassaduq

  2. OVERVIEW • Transport of nutrients, hormones, gases, & other vital materials requires highly controlled flow. • Body has 2 circulatory systems. • Blood vascular system • Lymph vascular system

  3. BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM • The heart, which is a pump for propelling the fluid. • The arteries which are tubes for conveying the blood toward the organs & tissues. • The capillaries, which are anastomosing channels of small caliber with thin walls providing for much of the interchange of substances between the blood & tissue fluids. • The veins, which in their initial segment also provide for blood-tissue fluid interchange but in addition serve for the return of blood to the heart.

  4. LYMPH VASCULAR SYSTEM • Consists of lymphatic capillaries & various sized lymphatic vessels which ultimately drain into main trunks, the thoracic duct & the right lymphatic duct, which empty into large veins in the neck.

  5. VESSEL WALLS TUNICA INTIMA TUNICA MEDIA TUNICA ADVENTITIA

  6. ELASTIC ARTERY (AORTA) • Also called conducting arteries. • Diameter: >1cm • Intima: • Endothelium • Connective tissue • Smooth muscles Stained with orsein 1 - Tunica intima2 - Tunica media3 - Tunica externa

  7. TUNICA MEDIA • Smooth muscles • Elastic lamellae

  8. TUNICA ADVENTITIA • Thinner than tunica media • Connective tissue • Elastic fibers

  9. MUSCULAR ARTERY • 2-10 mm in diameter • Intima: • Endothelium • Connective tissue • Smooth muscle • Internal elastic membrane

  10. MUSCULAR ARTERY • Media: • 25-40 layers of Smooth muscle fibers • Collagen fibers • Elastic tissue

  11. MUSCULAR ARTERY • Adventitia: • Thinner than media • Connective tissue • Some elastic fibers

  12. MUSCULAR ARTERY

  13. SMALL ARTERY • 0.1-2 mm in diameter • Internal elastic membrane present • 8-10 layers of smooth muscles. • Very thin tunica adventitia

  14. SMALL ARTERY LOW POWER VIEW OF SMALL ARTERY HIGH POWER VIEW OF SMALL ARTERY & ARTERIOLE

  15. ARTERIOLE • Arterioles can be differentiated from arteries by the numbers of layers of smooth muscle. • No more than 6 layers. • A “precapillary arteriole” (1-2 layers)

  16. VEINS • Veins are distinguished by their thinner wall, valves, collapsed state. • The tunica media does not look as well organized as that in the artery or arteriole. 

  17. VENULE • MUSCULAR VENULE: • 50-100 µm in diameter • 1-2 layers of smooth muscles in media V A N

  18. SMALL SIZE VEIN • 0.1-1 mm in diameter • 2-3 layers of smooth muscles in tunica media • Thicker adventitia

  19. MEDIUM VEIN • 1-10 mm in diameter • Media is considerably thinner • Adventitia is well developed & forms bulk of the wall.

  20. LARGE VEIN

  21. LARGE VEIN • >1mm in diameter • 2-15 layers of smooth muscles • Much thicker adventitia containing connective tissue & some elastic fibers.

  22. CAPILLARIES • Thin walled tubules with an average diameter of about 4-10 µm. • Branch extensively without much change in caliber, & the branches anastomose to form networks which vary in density & pattern in different tissues & organs. • The tissues with the highest metabolic activity have networks of elaborately branched & closely packed capillaries.

  23. TYPES OF CAPILLARIES

  24. MICROSCOPIC VIEW

  25. MEDIUM SIZE ARTERY AND VEIN

  26. ARTERIOLE & VENULE ARTERIOLE & VENULES SMALL ARTERY & VEIN

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