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Pain

Pain. Pain. All-consuming reality Client wants pain relief No two persons experience pain the same way The client’s pain is real. Origins of pain. Physical Psychogenic. Stimuli. Pain results when nerve endings are stimulated Mechanical Thermal Chemical. Impulse travels via.

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Pain

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  1. Pain

  2. Pain • All-consuming reality • Client wants pain relief • No two persons experience pain the same way • The client’s pain is real

  3. Origins of pain • Physical • Psychogenic

  4. Stimuli • Pain results when nerve endings are stimulated • Mechanical • Thermal • Chemical

  5. Impulse travels via • Delta fibers • Mylinated • Fast conducting • Actue • Well-localized • C fibers • Unmylinated • Slow conducting • Chronic • Diffuse pain

  6. Suffering • Subjective • Influenced by • Culture • Gender • Age • Religion • Anxiety • Competing demands for attention • Support persons

  7. Pain Behaviors • Listen to client’s description • Observe pain behavior • Grimacing, moaning, crying • Restlessness • Protecting the painful area • Moving away from painful stimuli

  8. Description of pain • P – precipitating or aggravating factors • Q – quality or character • R – relieving factors • S – severity • T – time relationships • Periodicity • duration

  9. Assessing pain • Determination of pain exists • Descriptive characteristics of the pain • Physiologic responses • Behavioral responses • How affected by others • How influences daily activities • Coping mechanisms used

  10. FLACC Scale

  11. Nursing Interventions • Remove the cause • Distraction • Imagery • Relaxation

  12. Dependent interventions – analgesic administration • Non-narcotics • Narcotic agonists • Narcotic antagonists

  13. Pain is usually under-treated • Physicians • Nurses • Patients/Clients

  14. Analgesic administration • Timing is important • Before pain is severs • Nurse needs to know onset, peak, duration, side-effects • PCA • Placebos

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