1 / 32

Pain

Pain. Kate Black Kate Brazzale Lisa Molony. Pain . Aetiology Disorder/Disease Clinical Manifestations Pathophysiology Diagnosis Pharmacological Management Non-Pharmacological Management Complications Implications for Nursing Practice. Aetiology. Kh;asdo;sdifj;os.

ondrea
Download Presentation

Pain

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Pain Kate Black Kate Brazzale Lisa Molony

  2. Pain • Aetiology • Disorder/Disease • Clinical Manifestations • Pathophysiology • Diagnosis • Pharmacological Management • Non-Pharmacological Management • Complications • Implications for Nursing Practice

  3. Aetiology • Kh;asdo;sdifj;os

  4. Aetiology

  5. Disorder/Disease

  6. Disorder/Disease

  7. Clinical Manifestations

  8. Clinical Manifestations

  9. pathophysiology

  10. pathophysiology

  11. Diagnosis • Diagnosis of Pain is complicated. • To diagnose pain, Nurses rely on • Objective Data. • Visual signs. • Subjective Data. • Patients descriptions. • Characteristics of Pain.

  12. diagnosis • Characteristics of Pain • OPQRST Mnemonic • Onset • Provocation • Quality • Region/Radiation • Severity • Time

  13. diagnosis • Onset • What was the patient doing at the time? • What precipitated the pain? • Provocation • Aggravating Factors: • What causes the Pain to increase? • Alleviating Factors: • What makes it better or worse?

  14. diagnosis 3.Quality • Get the patient to describe their pain to you in specific terms. • What does it feel like? 4. Region/Radiation • Where is the pain? • Where does the pain radiate? • Is it in one place? • Does it go anywhere else? • Did it start elsewhere and now localised to a different spot?

  15. diagnosis 5. Severity • Pain Rating • On a scale of 1 to 10, 10 being the worst pain you have experienced, what number would you assign to your discomfort? • Does their pain change with medication? • Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. • Used for • Children • People whose first language is not English.

  16. diagnosis

  17. diagnosis 6. Time • When did the pain start? • How long has the patient has this pain? • Are there any Associated Phenomena? • Factors consistent with pain e.g. Anxiety • Physiological responses • Sympathetic stimulation • Parasympathetic stimulation • Vital signs, skin colour, perspiration, pupil size, nausea, muscle tension, anxiety • Behavioural Responses • Posture, gross motor activities

  18. Diagnostic Tests Tests to verify pain. • CT/CAT scan • Computed Tomography or Computed Axial Tomography • X-rays to produce an image of a cross-section of the body. • MRI Scan • Large magnet, radio waves and a computer produces detailed images of the body. • Discography/Myelograms • A contrast dye is injected into the spinal disk to enhance the X-Ray.

  19. Diagnostic - Tests • EMG (Electromyography) • Evaluate the activity of the muscles. • Bone Scans • Diagnose and monitor infection and fracture of the bone • Ultrasound Imaging • High frequency sound waves to develop an image of the affected area.

  20. Diagnostic Tests • Psychological Assessment • Psychosocial involvement. • Questionnaires.

  21. Pharmacological management

  22. Pharmacological management

  23. Non-Pharmacological management

  24. Non-Pharmacological management

  25. Tens Machine

  26. Tens Machine TENS MACHINE

  27. Complications

  28. Complications

  29. Implications for Nursing Practice

  30. Implications for Nursing Practice

  31. References

  32. References

More Related