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Status of the BLHC

Status of the BLHC. ….work in progress!. Mike Lamont CERN/AB. Overview. Before beam What’s has to be done Present status Schedule With beam Commissioning plans Early luminosity expectations. Review of Particle Physics, PDG, Chapter 25. 8 essentially independent sectors

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Status of the BLHC

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  1. Status of the BLHC ….work in progress! Mike LamontCERN/AB LHC status

  2. Overview • Before beam • What’s has to be done • Present status • Schedule • With beam • Commissioning plans • Early luminosity expectations Review of Particle Physics, PDG, Chapter 25 LHC status

  3. 8 essentially independent sectors • 3.3 km of dipoles/quadrupoles++ mostly at 1.9 K LHC status

  4. Pre-beam Installation Interconnection Pressure tests (vacuum leaks, design faults) Electrical quality assurance(earth faults, bad splices…) Cool-down (cryogenics, vacuum leaks) Hardware Commissioning (Quenches, electrical problems, non-conformities) LHC status

  5. Installation - dipoles Descent of the last magnet, 26 April 2007 30’000 km underground at 2 km/h LHC status

  6. Installation - RF Plus collimators, beam dump, injection hardware, instrumentation etc… LHC status

  7. Magnet interconnections • Vacuum, bellows, RF contacts plus leak checks • Thermal shield, heat exchanger • Bus bars: superconducting splices x 10,000 (induction welding) • Corrector circuits: splices x 50,000 (ultrasonic welding) LHC status

  8. Closure of continuous cryostat - November 07 LHC status

  9. Pressure tests LHC status

  10. Cryogenics – huge system • ~120 tonnes of He • 10,000 tonnes LN2 • Cold mass 31,000 tonnes X 8 LHC status

  11. Cryogenics flushing… Sector 81 LHC status

  12. Cool down 2 3 1 LHC status

  13. Cool down Sector 7-8 June 2007 LHC status

  14. Cool down Sector 4-5 today LHC status

  15. Hardware Commissioning (HWC) • Commissioning of continuous arc cryostat & LSS cryostats (insertion quadrupoles…, inner triplet, etc.) • Cryogenics, Vacuum, QPS, PIC, Powering: • Electrical Quality Assurance, • Tests prior to powering, • Powering (QPS, PC, MPS) of all circuits one by one, • Magnets, busbars, DFBs, services, UPS, AUG, controls… • Powering of all the circuits of a sector together • Power converters: protection, calibration, ramp tests performed • Interlocks, compatibility tests, protection tests Stored magnetic energy up to 1.29 GJ per sector. [154 dipoles per sector powered in series: ~11700 A at 7 TeV] LHC status

  16. HWC - example LHC status

  17. LHC Status – January 2008 LHC status

  18. LHC status – January 2008 • Installation effectively complete • Interconnection work effectively complete • First two sectors cooled down to nominal temperature and operated with super-fluid helium • Power tests progressing well • Third sector in cool-down Priority now is to get the machine cold and leak tight. LHC status

  19. Latest schedule – October 9 10 10 10 Mar. Mar. 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 81 14 14 14 Apr. Apr. 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 May May 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 Jun. Jun. 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 27 Jul. Jul. 28 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 30 Aug. Aug. 31 31 31 32 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 34 35 35 35 Sep. Sep. 36 36 36 2007 2007 37 37 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 40 40 40 Oct. Oct. 41 41 41 Consolidation 42 42 42 43 43 43 44 44 44 Nov. Nov. 2-3 weeks behind at the moment 45 45 45 46 46 46 47 47 47 48 48 48 49 49 49 Dec. Dec. 50 50 50 51 51 51 52 52 52 . 01 01 01 Jan. Jan. 02 02 02 03 03 03 04 04 04 05 05 05 06 06 06 Feb. Feb. 07 07 07 08 08 08 09 09 09 10 10 10 Mar. Mar. 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 Apr. Apr. 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 May May 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 23 Jun. Jun. 24 24 24 Machine Checkout 25 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 27 Jul. Jul. 28 28 28 Beam Commissioning to 7 TeV 29 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 2008 2008 32 32 32 Aug. Aug. 33 33 33 34 34 34 35 35 35 36 36 36 Sep. Sep. 37 37 37 38 38 38 General schedule Baseline rev. 4.0 39 39 39 40 40 40 Oct. Oct. 41 41 41 42 42 42 43 43 43 Interconnection of the continuous cryostat Global pressure test &Consolidation Warm up Global pressure test &Consolidation 44 44 44 45 45 45 Nov. Nov. 46 46 46 47 47 47 Leak tests of the last sub-sectors 48 48 48 Flushing Powering Tests Powering Tests Dec. Dec. 49 49 49 50 50 50 51 51 51 Inner Triplets repairs & interconnections 52 52 52 . Cool-down Cool-down LHC status

  20. Schedule 2008 • High parallelism for the power tests • Machine closed April 2008 • The machine should be entirely cold beginning of June • Will take 450 GeV beam once machine is cold, even if some sectors are not qualified for 7 TeV. • Success-oriented schedule. Acknowledge possibility of possible problems requiring additional warm-up/cool-down of sector • Quantum of 2-3 months • Delay in one sector or more  possible sector test LHC status

  21. Machine cold – beam in at 450 GeV • 450 GeV beam commissioning before main circuits fully commissioned to 7 TeV • Important checks with beam – aperture, magnets • Provides some lead time for problem resolution • Interleaf with commissioning circuits to 7 TeV LHC status

  22. Beam - energy 2808 bunches, 1.15 1011 protons per bunch Energy per beam up to 360 MJ British aircraft carrier at 12 knots Through a very cold, very dark, very small hole... LHC status

  23. Machine Protection is critical… June 2009 LHC status

  24. Beam - Crossing angle With 2808 bunches per beam work with a crossing angle to avoid parasitic collisions. Can leave the crossing angle off with up to 156 bunches per beam LHC status

  25. Beam - Squeeze Small beam in the IP  big beams in the inner triplets  reduced aperture Therefore inject & ramp (& collide initially) with bigger beam sizes at IP. LHC status

  26. Commissioning stages Safely establish colliding beams as quickly as possible • Initial optics: • β*= 11 m in IR 1 & 5 • β*= 10 m in IR 2 & 8 • Crossing angles off • Low bunch intensity • 1, 12, 43, 156 bunches per beam • No parasitic encounters - no long range beam-beam • Larger aperture in IRs LHC status

  27. Stage A: commissioning phases LHC status

  28. Stage A: commissioning phases LHC status

  29. Beam Commissioning to 7 TeV Collisions LHC status

  30. Stage A: First Collisions • Approx 30 days of beam time to establish first collisions • Un-squeezed • Low intensity • Optimistic! • Approx 2 months elapsed time • Given reasonably optimistic machine availability • Continued commissioning thereafter • Increased intensity • Squeeze RHIC 2000:- First beam April 3rd- First successful ramp: June 1st- First collisions June 12th LHC status

  31. Stage A - Luminosities • 1 to N to 43 to 156 bunches per beam • N bunches displaced in one beam for LHCb • Pushing gradually one or all of: • Bunches per beam • Squeeze • Bunch intensity IP 1 & 5 LHC status

  32. Pilot physics – the first month • Interleaved physics and commissioning • Push number of bunches, intensity, squeeze… • 156 x 156 • 3 x 1010 protons per bunch • β* = 2 m. • Peak luminosity: ~1.2 x 1031 • Integrated: few pb-1 Pushing the bunch intensities with 156x156 with reasonable operational efficiency another month would see 30-40 pb-1 Acceptable exit condition for 2008 LHC status

  33. Stage B – 75ns • Up to 936 bunches • Parameter tolerances: • Tightened up. Optics/beta beating under control • Emittance conservation through the cycle • Commission crossing angles. • Injection, ramp and partial squeeze • Long range beam-beam, effect on dynamic aperture, • Need for feedback • Orbit plus adequate control of tune and chromaticity through snapback. • Lifetime and background optimization in physics • with a crossing angle and reduced aperture Won’t happenovernight Plus Machine Protection with increased intensity LHC status

  34. Stage B - Luminosities LHC status

  35. 2009 • Commission and exploit 75 ns. • Move to 25 ns • Initial luminosity 8 x 1032 cm-2s-1 (say) • 2808 bunches, β* = 2 m, 6 x 1010 protons per bunch • Luminosity lifetime: 27 hours • Fill length: 12 hours • Turn around time: 5 hours • 100 days of physics • Operational efficiency 60% Of the order 2-3 fb-1 LHC status

  36. LHC transfer lines 23.10.2004  first beam at end of TI 8 IR8 28.10.2007, 12:03 first beam at end of TI 2 TI 8 SPS LHC IR2 + Nominal LHC beam in SPS TI 2 TI 2 beam test28./29.10.07 PMI2 Courtesy of V. Mertens LHC status

  37. Conclusions • Priority is to get the machine cold and leak tight • Machine should be cold in June 2008 • Caveat: problems found at cold cost ~3 months to fix • Take beam at 450 GeV before machine ready for 7 TeV • First 7 TeV collisions 2+ months after first taking beam • Expectation management! • The LHC is a huge, complex beast. • Progress is good • It will work • BUT it is going to take time LHC status

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