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The standard for new emissions standards.

The standard for new emissions standards. Maryland Department of the Environment April 29, 2004. Diesel Engine School Bus Retrofit Technology Workshop. ULSD – The Road to 2006.

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The standard for new emissions standards.

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  1. The standard for new emissions standards. Maryland Department of the Environment April 29, 2004 Diesel Engine School Bus Retrofit Technology Workshop

  2. ULSD – The Road to 2006 • By 2006 the U.S. EPA standards for sulfur content in on-highway diesel will be reduced from 500 ppm to 15 ppm at refiner level; 2006-2010 phase in for end user • Refiners, engine manufacturers, marketers, retailers and end users have begun strategizing how this new mandate will affect their industries • Throughout the supply chain there must be adaptations to accommodate this lower sulfur fuel

  3. 2004 2006 2007 2010 June ‘06 Sep ‘06 Fungible product 500 ppm on-road diesel All diesel will be ULSD Sulfur content reduced from 500 ppm to 15ppm Phase in: Marketers/ Retail 80% ULSD 20% 500 ppm All diesel vehicles manufactured prior to 2007 may run on either LSD or ULSD to 2010. In 2007, all new diesel equipment manufactured must run on ULSD. EPA Regulations for On-Highway Diesel

  4. Drivers of ULSD • Meets community and public interest group objectives • Health organizations initiatives • Achieve immediate emission reductions • With or without emission control devices • Lowest overall cost option for reducing emissions • Unlike other alternative fuel options, ULSD has no infrastructure or fleet changes/modifications • If end user operates an on-site fueling facility, no upgrades or modifications necessary to tank, piping, or dispenser

  5. Sprague Other Suppliers National Availability of ULSD Seattle Portland Manchester Boston Ann Arbor New York New Jersey Cleveland Philadelphia Washington, D.C. Los Angeles San Diego Atlanta Birmingham Houston

  6. Current Users of ULSD • Heavy, medium and light duty vehicles • Transit and school bus fleets • Municipal & private transportation fleets • Construction equipment • Power generation equipment • Marine

  7. How Did Sprague Become Involved? • 2000 New York City Transit Authority demonstration program • One depot • 200 buses • Buses used ULSD base fuel only & ULSD with particulate filters • Program test resulted in NYCTA converting 18 depots from 500 ppm diesel to ULSD, with no change in infrastructure or engine modifications • End result: 4,400 buses operating on ULSD had immediate reduction in emissions (e.g. immediate reduction utilizing ULSD and even greater reduction with buses operating on ULSD with particulate filters)

  8. ULSD Proven Emission Reductions* KEY: PM = Particulate Matter CO = Carbon Monoxide THC= Total Hydrocarbons *Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 2001-01-0511: “Performance and Durability Evaluation of Continuously Regenerating Particulate Filters on Diesel Powered Urban Buses at New York City Transit” with Detroit Diesel Series 50 Engine. ** 99% reduction in PM particle counts across all size ranges, including the smallest particles.

  9. End User Concerns

  10. No measurable difference in vehicle performance Easy to switch from engine perspective ULSD may be used in older trucks – no need to store two fuels Operability Currently refinery production of ULSD does not meet engine manufacturers lubricity specifications Fuel meets/exceeds engine manufacturers’ specifications using lubricity additive Fuel Performance Transporting fuel to end user with minimal or no contamination is a challenge Requires segregated product at fuel terminals, pipelines, racks and delivery trucks At this time cannot use commercials pipeline for transportation of ULSD Supply & Distribution End User ULSD Concerns

  11. End User ULSD Concerns • Price • Optimize delivery quantity • Aggregate usage • Supplier • Experienced in supply and delivery of ULSD or non-fungible products • Reliable and consistent supply (multi-refinery sources) • Multi-terminal network • Fungible vs. segregated system • Multiple segregated delivery transport fleet • Emergency Supply Plan

  12. End User Concerns • Supplier (cont’d) • Product winterization • Quality Control Program • Meet engine manufacturers’ fuel specifications • Lubricity (SLBOCLE vs. HFFR) • Type of lubricity additive • Lubricity insurance • Sulfur testing standards and enforcement to insure product integrity • Future federal and local legislation • 500ppm vs. 15ppm • Financial resources

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